Cardiovascular system

Ischemia is a restriction in blood supply to tissues, causing a shortage of oxygen and glucose needed for cellular metabolism (to keep tissue alive).

Cardiac arrhythmia, also known as cardiac dysrhythmia or irregular heartbeat, is a group of conditions in which the heartbeat is irregular, too fast, or too slow.

In human anatomy, the carotid sinus is a dilated area at the base of the internal carotid artery just superior to the bifurcation of the internal carotid and external carotid at the level of the superior border of thyroid cartilage.

The atrium (plural: atria) is one of the two blood collection chambers of the heart.

Cardiac muscle cells or cardiomyocytes (also known as myocardiocytes or cardiac myocytes) are the muscle cells (myocytes) that make up the cardiac muscle.

The blood vessels are the part of the circulatory system that transports blood throughout the human body.

In the heart, a ventricle is one of two large chambers that collect and expel blood received from an atrium towards the peripheral beds within the body and lungs.

The mitral valve, also known as the bicuspid valve or left atrioventricular valve, is a dual-flap valve in the heart that lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle.

The tricuspid valve, or right atrioventricular valve, is on the right dorsal side of the mammalian heart, between the right atrium and the right ventricle.

The normal electrical conduction in the heart allows the impulse that is generated by the sinoatrial node (SA node) of the heart to be propagated to, and stimulate, the cardiac muscle (myocardium).

Capillaries (/ˈkæpᵻlɛriz/ in US; /kəˈpɪləriz/ in UK) are the smallest of a body's blood vessels (and lymph vessels) that make up the microcirculation.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels.

Coronary circulation is the circulation of blood in the blood vessels of the heart muscle myocardium known as coronary arteries.

Endothelium is a type of epithelium that lines the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood or lymph in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.

The pericardium (from the Greek περί, "around" and κάρδιον, "heart") is a double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels.

Vasodilation (or vasodilatation) refers to the widening of blood vessels.

Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of the blood vessels resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessels, in particular the large arteries and small arterioles.

An arteriole /ɑːrˈtɪəri.

The endocardium is the innermost layer of tissue that lines the chambers of the heart.

Atrial fibrillation (AF or A-fib) is an abnormal heart rhythm characterized by rapid and irregular beating.

An embolism is the lodging of an embolus, a blockage-causing piece of material, inside a blood vessel.

A venule is a very small blood vessel in the microcirculation that allows blood to return from the capillary beds to drain into the larger blood vessels, the veins.

The tunica intima (New Latin "inner coat"), or intima for short, is the innermost tunica (layer) of an artery or vein.

The tunica media (New Latin "middle coat"), or media for short, is the middle tunica (layer) of an artery or vein.

The infundibulum (also known as conus arteriosus) is a conical pouch formed from the upper and left angle of the right ventricle in the chordate heart, from which the pulmonary trunk arises.

The basilic vein is a large superficial vein of the upper limb that helps drain parts of the hand and forearm.

In anatomy Fascia Adherens are ribbon like structures that stabilizes non-epithelial tissue.

Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a naturally occurring chemical found in blood plasma.

In human anatomy, the Cephalic vein (also known as the antecubital vein) is a superficial vein in the arm.