Biology

It is a basic unit of life in plants and animals

Sperm cells, muscle cells, red blood cells

Functions

It protects the cell from damage and keeps it rigid.

Controls what enters and leaves the cell.

It is where all chemical reactions take place.

Store chloroplasts needed in the process of photosynthesis.

Controls all activities taking place in a cell.

Stores dissolved substances.

It generates the energy needed by the cells to carry out their functions.

Makes proteins.

Animal cell

Do not have cell wall

Do not have chloroplasts

No vacuole

Refers to different cells carrying out different functions.

It transports oxygen around the body.

It has a red pigment called haemoglobin which traps oxygen.

The absence of nucleus helps increase the surface area for more haemoglobin to be packed hence more oxygen is absorbed.

The spongy cytoplasm enables them to squeeze in the capillaries smaller in diameter.

The biconcave shape allows oxygen to diffuse into and out of the cell rapidly.

It conducts electrical impulses to and from the brain.

It has long nerve fibre allows to carry electrical signals as quickly as possible over long distances.

It has myelin sheath around nerve fibre to prevent loss of impulses.

It has dendrites which allow impulses to cross from one nerve cell to the other.

It fertilises the egg to make an offspring.

It has a tail which enables it to swim faster.

it absorbs water and mineral salts from the soil.

It has a finger like extension which increases surface area for absorption of water and mineral salts.

It has mitochondria which provide more energy for absorption of mineral salts by active transport.

It transports water and mineral salts from the roots up the plant to the leaves.

Xylem leaves are cylindrically shaped and joined end to end to form a long tube called xylem vessel.

The tube formed is hollow(empty) as it loses its cytoplasm, hence allow free movement of water and mineral salts.

The walls of the xylem cells are strengthened by the deposition of ligin, which prevents the vessel from collapsing due to the pressure of water.

It transports organic food substances from the leaves to the rest of the plant.

The phloem cells are cylindrically shaped and are joined end to end to form long tissue called sieve tube(phloem tissue)

At the cross walls there are perforations/ holes which form a sieve plate to allow easy movement of food.

It is where photosynthesis highly takes place.

It has many chloroplasts which have chlorophyll to absorb more light for photosynthesis.

They control the opening and closing of stoma for gaseous exchange.

They are bean shaped and positioned in pairs to create an opening(stoma)

They protect the body against infections or diseases.

Types;

Phagocyte, it has a lobed nucleus which allows it to change shape to surround the bacteria.

It engulfs, digests and destroys bacteria.

LYMPHOCYTE, it produces antibodies which attack and destroy bacteria.it has a large centred nucleus.