2024-10-20T02:36:31+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>Energy</p>, <p>Forms of energy</p>, <p>Thermodynamics</p>, <p>First law of thermodynamics</p>, <p>second law of thermodynamics</p>, <p>Delta G</p>, <p>Positive Delta G</p>, <p>Negative Delta G</p>, <p>Mechanical work</p>, <p>Transport work</p>, <p>chemical work</p>, <p>Functions of ATP</p>, <p>Structure of ATP</p>, <p>Metabolism</p>, <p>Two reactions of Metabolism</p>, <p>Anabolic reactions</p>, <p>Catabolic reactions</p>, <p>active site of an enzyme</p>, <p>enzyme-substrate complex</p>, <p>general principles for enzymes</p>, <p>Catabolic reactions thermodynamically</p>, <p>activation energy</p>, <p>anabolic reactions thermodynamically</p>, <p>competitive inhibition</p>, <p>noncompetitve inhibition</p>, <p>activator</p> flashcards
Biology unit 3 part a

Biology unit 3 part a

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  • Energy

    The ability to do work (to cause change)

  • Forms of energy

    Potential

    Kinetic

  • Thermodynamics

    study of the interactions of heat and other forms of energy

  • First law of thermodynamics

    energy cannot be created or destroyed but transformed from one form to another

  • second law of thermodynamics

    energy systems experience an increase in the amount of disorder over time (i.e. entropy increases)

  • Delta G

    The change in available (free) energy during an energy transformation

  • Positive Delta G

    the energy available to do work goes up at the end of the transformation

    Kinetic energy is used to increase potential energy

    Endergonic

  • Negative Delta G

    the energy available to do work goes down at the end of the transformation

    potential energy is released as kinetic energy

    exergonic

  • Mechanical work

    ATP provide the energy requirement for motor proteins (usually cytoskeletal) to facilitate cellular or subcellular movement

  • Transport work

    ATP provide the energy requirement for membrane protein to perform active and bulk transport

  • chemical work

    ATP provides the energy requirement for enzymes to perform anabolic reactions like dehydration synthesis

  • Functions of ATP

    Provides energy for cell functions

    powers cellular work by coupling exergonic reactions to endergonic

  • Structure of ATP

    3 Phosphate groups

    Ribose

    Adenine

  • Metabolism

    The sum total of a cell's chemical reactions is referred to as it's metabolism.

  • Two reactions of Metabolism

    anabolic and catabolic

  • Anabolic reactions

    "building" reactions

    Builds energy

    endergonic

    Controlled by enzymes

  • Catabolic reactions

    "digestive" reactions

    Exergonic

    controlled by enzymes

  • active site of an enzyme

    where the substrate binds on an enzyme

  • enzyme-substrate complex

    when the substrate binds to the active site of the enzyme

  • general principles for enzymes

    1. substrates need to diffuse into the active site

    -heat is required as an energy source for all enzymes

    2. the active site is specific to the substrate

  • Catabolic reactions thermodynamically

    do not require ATP

    catalyze "spontaneous" reactions w/ negative delta G

    Lower the activation energy

  • activation energy

    the energy needed doe a reaction to get started

  • anabolic reactions thermodynamically

    require ATP to "drive" the reaction due to positive delta G

  • competitive inhibition

    a competitive inhibitor interferes with active site of an enzyme so the substrate cannot bind

  • noncompetitve inhibition

    a noncompetitive inhibitor binds to the allosteric site, changing the shape of the enzyme so it cannot bind to the substrate

  • activator

    can bind to an allosteric site to promote enzyme action