Biogeography

An ecotone is a transition area between two biomes.

Wallacea is a biogeographical designation for a group of mainly Indonesian islands separated by deep water straits from the Asian and Australian continental shelves.

Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through (geological) time.

In paleogeography, Gondwana (pronunciation: /ɡɒndˈwɑːnə/),also Gondwanaland, is the name given to an ancient supercontinent.

Landscape ecology is the science of studying and improving relationships between ecological processes in the environment and particular ecosystems.

The nitrogen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into various chemical forms as it circulates among the atmosphere and terrestrial and marine ecosystems.

Zoogeography is the branch of the science of biogeography that is concerned with the geographic distribution (present and past) of animal species.

Benthos is the community of organisms that live on, in, or near the seabed, also known as the benthic zone.

A habitat is an ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular species of animal, plant, or other type of organism.

An ecoregion (ecological region) is an ecologically and geographically defined area that is smaller than a bioregion, which in turn is smaller than an ecozone.

The carbon cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of the Earth.

Plankton (singular plankter) are a diverse group of organisms that live in the water column of large bodies of water and that cannot swim against a current.

A plant community (sometimes "phytocoenosis" or "phytocenosis") is a collection or association of plant species within a designated geographical unit, which forms a relatively uniform patch, distinguishable from neighboring patches of different vegetation types.

In geography and ecology, anthropization is the conversion of open spaces, landscapes, and natural environments by human action.

Nekton or necton refers to the aggregate of actively swimming aquatic organisms in a body of water.

Insular biogeography is a field within biogeography that examines the factors that affect the species richness of isolated natural communities.

Antarctica is one of eight terrestrial biogeographic realms.

The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) is a web-based access point to information about the distribution and abundance of living species in the ocean.

Phytosociology is the branch of science which deals with plant communities, their composition and development, and the relationships between the species within them.

A relict is a surviving remnant of a natural phenomenon.