2022-10-21T00:28:17+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>What is extracellular matrix?</p>, <p>What are the two types of protein sorting?</p>, <p>What are the three types of Protein Sorting mechanisms?</p>, <p>What is Gated Transport?</p>, <p>How do proteins move into the nucleus?</p>, <p>How do proteins move out of the nucleus?</p>, <p>What is required for nuclear import and export?</p>, <p>How is GTPase regulated?</p>, <p>Where are Ran-GAP and Ran-GEF found in the nucleus and cytosol?</p>, <p>What are the concentrations of Ran-GTP in the nucleus and cytosol</p>, <p>How is Ran-GDP transported back to the nucleus?</p>, <p>What are the steps for nuclear import?</p>, <p>What are the steps for nuclear export?</p>, <p>What is NFAT in its role in nuclear export and import?</p>, <p>How do you sort proteins to the mitochondria?</p>, <p>How do you sort proteins to the thylakoid?</p>, <p>How do you sort proteins to the peroxisome?</p> flashcards

Bio230 Week 5 part 2

Protein Sorting (post-Translational)

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  • What is extracellular matrix?

    Specialized material outside of the cell

  • What are the two types of protein sorting?

    1. Post-Translational Process

    Fully synthesised in cytosol before sorting

    Unfolded: mitochondria, plastids

    Folded: nucleus, peroxisomes

    2. Co-Translational Process

    During translation you sort it

  • What are the three types of Protein Sorting mechanisms?

    Gated TransportTransmembrane TransportVesicular Transport

    Gated Transport

    Transmembrane Transport

    Vesicular Transport

  • What is Gated Transport?

    Proteins moving between cytosol and nucleus

    For example the selective transport of macromolecules and free diffusion of small molecules

  • How do proteins move into the nucleus?

    Through a Nuclear Import Receptor. The nuclear import receptor binds to the nuclear import localization signal (NLS, rich in Arg and Lys specific)

  • How do proteins move out of the nucleus?

    Through Nuclear Export Receptor, which Cargo proteins bind to using their Nuclear Export Signal (NES)

  • What is required for nuclear import and export?

    Ran GTPase

  • How is GTPase regulated?

    Ran-GAP (GTPase-activating protein)- stimulates GTP hydrolysis by Ran

    Ran-GEF(Guanine nucleotide exchange factor)- Promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP

  • Where are Ran-GAP and Ran-GEF found in the nucleus and cytosol?

    Ran-GAP is in the cytosol and Ran-GEF is in the nucleus

    Ran-GAP is in the cytosol and Ran-GEF is in the nucleus

  • What are the concentrations of Ran-GTP in the nucleus and cytosol

    High Ran-GTP in nucleus and low Ran-GTP in cytosol

  • How is Ran-GDP transported back to the nucleus?

    Using a protein called NTF2 (Nuclear Transport Factor 2)

  • What are the steps for nuclear import?

    1. Nuclear import receptor binds to cargo in cytosol2. Receptor and cargo move into nucleus3. Ran-GTP binding cause release of cargo 4. Now you have import receptor and Ran-GTP move into cytosol5. Ran Binding Protein and Ran-GAP promote GTP hydrolysis and release of import receptor

    1. Nuclear import receptor binds to cargo in cytosol

    2. Receptor and cargo move into nucleus

    3. Ran-GTP binding cause release of cargo

    4. Now you have import receptor and Ran-GTP move into cytosol

    5. Ran Binding Protein and Ran-GAP promote GTP hydrolysis and release of import receptor

  • What are the steps for nuclear export?

    1. Nuclear export receptor binds to cargo and Ran-GTP2. Receptor + Cargo + Ran-GTP move to cytosol3. Ran Binding Protein and Ran-GAP promote GTP hydrolysis, release of cargo and receptor4. Empty export receptor returns to nucleus

    1. Nuclear export receptor binds to cargo and Ran-GTP

    2. Receptor + Cargo + Ran-GTP move to cytosol

    3. Ran Binding Protein and Ran-GAP promote GTP hydrolysis, release of cargo and receptor

    4. Empty export receptor returns to nucleus

  • What is NFAT in its role in nuclear export and import?

    high Ca2+ = nuclear importlow Ca2+= nuclear export

    high Ca2+ = nuclear import

    low Ca2+= nuclear export

  • How do you sort proteins to the mitochondria?

    Cytosolic chaperone proteins with protein that has signal sequence(N-terminal amphipathic a-helix) bind to import receptors of TOM and TIM23 complexes. Signal sequence is then cleaved

    Cytosolic chaperone proteins with protein that has signal sequence(N-terminal amphipathic a-helix) bind to import receptors of TOM and TIM23 complexes. Signal sequence is then cleaved

  • How do you sort proteins to the thylakoid?

    Protein that has signal sequence(N-terminal amphipathic a-helix) bind to import receptors of TOC and TIC complexes. Signal sequence is then cleaved inside chloroplast and thylakoid signal sequence revealed goes into thylakoid.

    Protein that has signal sequence(N-terminal amphipathic a-helix) bind to import receptors of TOC and TIC complexes. Signal sequence is then cleaved inside chloroplast and thylakoid signal sequence revealed goes into thylakoid.

  • How do you sort proteins to the peroxisome?

    Receptor binds to 3 amino acid at C-terminus(SKL) and it attaches to docking protein. Docking protein moves it to translocator where it goes into peroxisome