2024-11-21T04:03:26+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>Mitosis</p>, <p>Meiosis</p>, <p>Sister Chromatids</p>, <p>Homologous Chromosomes</p>, <p>Centromere</p>, <p>Phases of mitosis</p>, <p>Interphase</p>, <p>Prophase</p>, <p>Metaphase</p>, <p>Anaphase</p>, <p>Telophase</p>, <p>Phases of meiosis</p>, <p>Prophase I</p>, <p>Metaphase I</p>, <p>Anaphase I</p>, <p>Telophase I</p>, <p>Prophase II</p>, <p>Metaphase II</p>, <p>Anaphase II</p>, <p>Telophase II</p>, <p>recombination</p>, <p>Results of meiosis</p>, <p>comparison of mitosis and meiosis</p>, <p>nondisjunction</p>, <p>effects of nondisjunction in meiosis I &amp; II</p>, <p>Trisomy—three copies of a chromosome</p>, <p>Monosomy</p> flashcards
Bio mitosis and meiosis

Bio mitosis and meiosis

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  • Mitosis

    (asexual)

    one 2n cell divides into two 2n cells

    (form of cellular reproduction for growth and repair)

  • Meiosis

    (sexual)

    2n cells produce 1n cells(used to reduce the chromosome number during the development of sperm and egg).

  • Sister Chromatids

    Direct, identical copies of a particular chromosome.

  • Homologous Chromosomes

    Chromosomes of the same type of chromosome, but from a different parent (non-identical)

  • Centromere

    A chromosomal region where chromosomes of a particular type join for cell division

  • Phases of mitosis

    Premiotic

    Prophase

    Metaphase

    Anaphase

    Telophase

  • Interphase

    Prior to mitosis

    Cell duplicates contents of cytoplasm

    DNA replicates in nucleus

    Chromosomes not visible

    Centromes outside nucleus

  • Prophase

    First stage of mitosis

    Chromosomes start to condense

    Spindle begins to assemble btw centrosomes

    Nucleolus and Nuclear envelope breaks down

    Spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes

    chromosome first moves towards poles

  • Metaphase

    Second stage of mitosis

    Chromosomes are aligned at the spindle equator

    Spindle fibers on either side extend to opposite poles of the spindle

  • Anaphase

    Third stage of mitosis

    Sister chromatids separate and become daughter chromosomes

    spindle fibers attached to chromosomes disassemble

  • Telophase

    Fourth stage of mitosis

    Spindle disappears as new nuclear envelope forms around daughter chromosomes

    each nucleus contains the same number ad kinds of chromosomes as the original parent cell

    Remnants of spindle fibers are still visible btw the two nuclei

  • Phases of meiosis

    Prophase I

    Metaphase I

    Anaphase I

    Telophase I

    Prophase II

    Metaphase II

    Anaphase II

    Telophase II

  • Prophase I

    Tetrads form

    Crossing over occurs

    Chromosomes condense

    Nuclear envelope fragments

  • Metaphase I

    Tetrads align at spindle equator

    Either homologue can face either pole

  • Anaphase I

    Homologues separate

    Diads move to poles

  • Telophase I

    Daughter nuclei are haploid (received one duplicated chromosome from each homologous pair)

  • Prophase II

    Chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope fragments

  • Metaphase II

    dyads align at the spindle equator

  • Anaphase II

    sister chromatids separate becoming daughter chromosomes that move to poles

  • Telophase II

    four haploid daughter cells are genetically different from each other and the parent cell

  • recombination

    homologous chromosomes cross over and exchange parts.

    allows diverse gametes to be made

  • Results of meiosis

    production of a nucleus with just one genome that is unique combination of both parents

    produces much genetic variety

  • comparison of mitosis and meiosis

  • nondisjunction

    chromatids/chromosomes fail to separate

    generally lethal

  • effects of nondisjunction in meiosis I & II

    Meiosis I—both members of a pair go into the same daughter cellMeiosis II—sister chromatids fail to separate

  • Trisomy—three copies of a chromosome

    —three copies of a chromosome

  • Monosomy

    single copy of a chromosome