2024-12-08T02:05:10+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true Common Ancestry, Evolution, Natural Selection (VISTA), Adaptive Radiation, Cambrian Explosion, Radial Symmetry, Bilateral Symmetry, Triploblastic, Protostome, Deuterostome, Ostia, Choanocytes, Spicules, Ascon, Sycon, Leucon, Cnidocytes, Nematocysts, Medusa, Polyp, Metamerism, Clitellum, Parapodia, Setae, Water Vascular System, Mutable Collagen, Pedicellaria, Aristotle’s Lantern, Notochord, Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord, Pharyngeal Slits, Endostyle/Thyroid, Placoid Scales, Lateral Line System, Ampullae of Lorenzini, Heterocercal Tail, Pulmo-cutaneous Respiration, Amplexus, Paedomorphosis, Double Circulation, Feathers, Contour Feathers, Precocial, Altricial flashcards
BIO 121a list 1

BIO 121a list 1

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  • Common Ancestry
    All organisms share a universal common ancestor.
  • Evolution
    Change in populations over time due to genetic variation and natural selection.
  • Natural Selection (VISTA)
    Variation, Inheritance, Selection, Time, and Adaptation drive evolutionary changes.
  • Adaptive Radiation
    Diversification from a common ancestor to exploit various ecological niches.
  • Cambrian Explosion
    A period of rapid diversification of multicellular life approximately 540 million years ago.
  • Radial Symmetry
    Body parts arranged around a central axis, common in cnidarians.
  • Bilateral Symmetry
    Body plan with two symmetrical halves, characteristic of Bilateria.
  • Triploblastic
    Three germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
  • Protostome
    Animals where the mouth develops from the blastopore.
  • Deuterostome
    Animals where the anus develops from the blastopore.
  • Ostia
    Small pores on a sponge's body through which water enters.
  • Choanocytes
    Collar cells in sponges responsible for water flow and capturing food.
  • Spicules
    Structural elements made of calcium carbonate or silica in sponges.
  • Ascon, Sycon, Leucon
    Three basic body plans of sponges.
  • Cnidocytes
    Specialized stinging cells unique to cnidarians.
  • Nematocysts
    Organelles within cnidocytes that deliver a sting to capture prey.
  • Medusa
    Free-swimming, umbrella-shaped body form of cnidarians.
  • Polyp
    Sessile, cylindrical body form of cnidarians.
  • Metamerism
    Segmentation of the body into repeated units.
  • Clitellum
    Thickened, glandular section of annelids used for reproduction.
  • Parapodia
    Paired lateral appendages in polychaetes for locomotion and gas exchange.
  • Setae
    Bristle-like structures on annelids used for anchorage and movement.
  • Water Vascular System
    Network of hydraulic canals used in locomotion, feeding, and respiration.
  • Mutable Collagen
    Tissue in echinoderms that can rapidly change stiffness.
  • Pedicellaria
    Pincer-like appendages in echinoderms for cleaning and defense.
  • Aristotle’s Lantern
    Chewing apparatus in sea urchins used for scraping food.
  • Notochord
    A flexible rod that provides support in chordates.
  • Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord
    Tube-like structure above the notochord; develops into the central nervous system.
  • Pharyngeal Slits
    Openings in the pharynx used for filter-feeding or respiration.
  • Endostyle/Thyroid
    Structure involved in iodine metabolism; precursor to the thyroid gland.
  • Placoid Scales
    Tooth-like scales in cartilaginous fishes.
  • Lateral Line System
    Sensory system in fishes that detects water vibrations.
  • Ampullae of Lorenzini
    Electroreceptive organs in cartilaginous fishes for detecting electrical fields.
  • Heterocercal Tail
    A tail with unequal lobes; provides lift in sharks.
  • Pulmo-cutaneous Respiration
    Gas exchange through lungs and moist skin in amphibians.
  • Amplexus
    Reproductive clasping behavior in frogs.
  • Paedomorphosis
    Retention of juvenile traits into adulthood, seen in some salamanders.
  • Double Circulation
    A circulatory system with separate pulmonary and systemic circuits.
  • Feathers
    Modified scales used for flight, insulation, and display.
  • Contour Feathers
    Streamline the body for flight.
  • Precocial
    Chicks born well-developed and able to feed themselves.
  • Altricial
    Chicks born underdeveloped and requiring parental care.