AP Psychology- States of Conciousness

a periodic, natural loss of consciousness, as distinct from unconciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation

our biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle.

-tempurature goes up in the morning, peaks during the day and drops in the evening- thinking is sharpest when approach peak of circadian arousal

-altered by age and experience

-larks (morning peak) older or owl (evening peak) younger.

alert, punctual creative, smart

Controlled by the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus, which responds to light to reset the cycle, produces melatonin, an sleep inducing drug.- suppress pineal gland's production.

Disruptions lead to jet lag- Jet lag is a combination of fatigue and other symptoms caused by travelling abruptly across different time zones, messes up melatonin production, and irregular sleep patterns, impacting mood, alertness, and cognitive abilities.

Dual processing: the principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks. “high road-consciousness” and “low road-unconsciousness”. 

Blindsight: a condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it. 

Parallel processing: processing multiple aspects of a stimulus simultaneously.

-unconcious, routine behavior, automatic, quick.

Sequential processing: processing one aspect of a stimulus or problem at a time; generally used to process new information or to solve difficult problems. 

-when faced with novel problem- focused attention required, slower but more concious.

Increases due to stronger stimuli, more parts of the brain making you more conscious-Not all forms of awareness are the same:

Conciousness- awareness of what is happening inside and outside the individual

Subconcious- right below your level of awareness but concious- thoughts and ideas.

Unconcious-A deeper level of awareness containing the thoughts and desires we have no true or direct knowledge of.

-spontenous- Daydreaaming, drowiness, dreaming

-physiologically-hallucinations, orgasm, food or oxygen starvation

-Psychologically- sensory deprivation, hypnosis and meditation.

-Awake  - NREM1 - NREM2 - NREM 3 - NREM2 - REM - NREM2  - NREM3 - NREM2 - REM

90 minutes for one cycle

non-rapid eye movemment sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep-

-Body repairs and regenerates tissue

Builds bone and muscle

Appears to strengthen immune system

-periods of deep sleep diminishing and REM sleep periods increasing in duration in each cycle

heartbeat and breathing slow down, muscles begin to relax, lasts a few minutes. alpha waves, the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state, periods of brief movement, hallucinations, hypnagogic sensations, has theta waves—slower and more irregular than alpha waves. 

Altered States of Consciousness are any conditions that differ significantly from a normal waking state, affecting awareness and perception.- stages of sleep, hyponisis, mediation and prayer, psychoaavtive drugs, daydreaming, states of unconcioussness- ex. coma

two g

s- gravity, glide

bizzare experiences, such as jerking or a feeling of falling or floating weightlessly while trasniting to sleep (also called hypnic sensations)

false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus- Ex: falling sensation, floating sensation, during stage 1

heartbeat and breathing slows further, no eye movements, body temperature drops and sleep spindles are produced -25 min During \relaxed muscles, Sleep spindles, bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain-wave activity that aids memory processing

EEG patterns showing more synchronized brain activity.

The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with mental processing (thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating)

deepest sleep state, heartbeat and breathing at it's slowest, no eye movements,body is fully relaxed with long delta waves. deep sleep, tissue repair and cell growth- immune system strengthens and muscles restore

(Rapid eye movement sleep)the primary dreaming stage, eye movements rapid, breathing and heart rate increased, limbs become temporarily paralyzed and brain activity is increased -paradoxical sleep: in dreams, motor cortex active but most messages blocked by brainstem, genitals aroused, as if real events.- paraylzation may linger when wake up, sleep paraylsis.

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1. Sleep protects: darkness is dangerous

2. Sleep restores: body & brain a chance to repair, rewire, and reorganize

3. Sleep helps restore and rebuild our fading memories of the day’s experiences.

4. Sleep feeds creative thinking.

5. Sleep supports growth: slow wave sleep = pituitary gland release growth hormone needed for muscle development

6. Sleep conserves energy: inactive at night = sleep preserves our energy for waking times.

Brain: loss of focus/attention/memory consilidation, depress

Immune system: suppress immune cell production, viruses

Fat cells: Cortisol hormone(Stress hormone) causes metabolism to slow down and increased production of fat. Obesiety

Heart: risk of high blood pressure

Stomach: produces hunger hormone grehlin and reduces supressing,leptin

Muscles: reduced strength, slower reaction time and motor learning.

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a sleep disorder that causes recurring problems in falling and staying alseep- results in depression, obesity, hupertension, arithic and fibromyalgia pain - experiences in 1/5 adults

aggriated by sleeping pills and alcholol, ruin REM sleep

think narcotics , Nap for a lapse of time

a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks- the affected person may lapse directly into REM sleep, inopportune times- 5 minutes long

in 1/2000 adults

symptoms: constantly tired, sleep paralysis, hallucinations and bouts of muscle weakness.

charechteruzed by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakening

in 1/20 adults

(Sleep walking) motor behavior during stage 3 1-15 in 100

a sleep disorder in which normal REM paraylsis does not occur; instead, twitching, talking, or even kicking or punching mat occur, often acting out one's death- speaking

-mostly older men

a sequence of images, emotions and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind (REM)- wake during or short after- remember it

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writing of the interpretation of dreams- proposed dreams provide a psychic safety valve that discharges otherwise unacceptable feelings-contains manifest (remembered dream, the story) contact and latent content hidden meaning, unconscious thoughts during the dream,wishes, fantasies, etc. which are expressed in disguised form through the manifest content- experience dreams for our own wishes

-LACKS: any specific support, dreams may be interpreted in many different ways.

that dreams are important because they help us process information from the day- fire away memories- sort and fix, consolidate day's experiences

Flaw: why dream about unexperienced things?

the dreams are meant to develop and preserve neural pathways- physiological functions, providing brain with periodic stimulations- in doing this it expands pathways- Ex: infants sleep In REm a lot

-Does NOT explain why we experience meaningful dreams

Dreams are brain's attempt to make sense of neural static, evokes visual memories and puts it into a story. Limbic= emotions

-Tells us something about the dreamer? How stories play out and how think

Dreams reflect cognitive development- they are part of the brain's maturation. When younger than nine, slide-show dreams, no like a sotry or movie

-dreams overlap with waking cognition and speech

-they simulate reality by drawing on ourj concepts and knowledge

-intensified mind-wandering

-top down control, not bottom up.

DOES NOT address neuroscience of dreams.

the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

-experienced by mammals= biological and our behavior is influence by learning- fits consolidation theory

stress, or drug or alcohol use that causes a person to have more REM sleep than normal

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a chemical substance that alters the brain, causing changes in perception and moods.

Ex: Advil, Expresso, Adderal, drinks

a disorder charecterized by continued substance use despite significant life disruption

effects depend on

-drugs biological effects (how it changes the brain)

-user's expectations vary in social and cultural contexts

Ex: one culture things drug produces euphoria, another not.

3-4 mild, 4-5 moderate, 6 plus severe

Control: uses more substance or for longer than intended, unsucessfully regulating it and spends much time acquiring, using and recovering from effects- craves it.

Social: disrupts commitments, continues despite social problems and reduced social recreation work activities

Hazard:continues despite hazards or worsening physical and physological health

Drug action: experiences tolerance, withdrawal when try to end

when the brain chemistry adapts to offset the drug's effect (Neuroadaptation)

-to experience same effect, require larger dose, and increase risk of addiction, substance use disorder

caused by increasing doses of psychoactive drugs, including prescription pain killers. Craves drug, continuing despite adversities and struggling when trying to withdraw (want drug more than like)

4-alchohol disorder (23 chance)

9-marijuana

21-cocaine

68-tobacco

group support and therapy helps, or belief that person can overcome it.

depressants, stimulants and hallucinogens. They all affect the brain's synapses and stimulate , inhibit or mimic neurotransmitters, blocking reuptake, increase sensation and euphoric high, but then when eventually drug disappears, crash because change so large and sudden.

drugs that reduce neural activity and slow down body functions

Ex: alcohol- barbiurates, opiods

Initial high followed by relaxation and disinhibition

- depression, memory loss, organ damage, impaired reactions.

drugs that depress CNS activity, lower anxiety and impair memory and judgement. They are tranquilizers. They induce sleep and reduce anxiety

Ex: Nembutal, Seconal???

opium and its derivatives; depresses neural activity, lessening pain and anxiety temporarily Ex: Heroin, substitute medically peerscribed meth, or pain relief narcotics

Ex: Oxycoton, morphine, fentenyl (synthetic)

-pupils contract, breathing slow, pleasure temporary as brains stops producing endorphins. when withdraw a ,lot of pain, lack in natural opiods

drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions (pupils dilate, heat and breathing goes up, blood Sugar up

Ex: Caffeeine, Nicotine, cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine speed and ecstasy

- feel alert, loose weight, boost mood or athletic preformance (if miss, get headache, irritated, depressed)

Stimulant- arousal and relaxation- sense of well-being.

-heart disease, cancer.

Ex: tobacco products likecigarettes, vapes, cigars, pipes, snuff and e-cigs- tar in other, not this, so more people use, help to transition off smoking, fruity flavors for teens

A depressant that provides a rush of euphoria; a relief from pain- depressed pysciology, agonizing withdrawal.

a stimulant that increases alertness- and wakefulness

-anxiety, restlessness and insomnia in high doses-uncomfortable withdrawal

a stimulant that provides euphoria, alertness- and energy

-irratability, insomnia, hypertension, seizures.

a stimulant that gives a rush of euphoria, confidence and energy.

-cardiovascular issues, suspiciousness, deppressive crash.

a stimulant and mild hallucinogen that gives one emotional elevation and disinhibition.

-Dehydration, overheating, depressed mood, impaired cognitive and immune functioning.

A mild hallucinogen that enhances sensation, relieves pain and warps time- relaxes.

-impaired learning or memory, risk of psychological disorders, lung damage.

psychedelic (mind-manifesting) drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absense of sensory input, dissociation.

an altered stage of conciousness reported after a close brush with death- often similar to drug induced hallucinations.

created by chemistry Albert HUfmann and ingested, results in fanastic pictures, shapes with intense colors. Emotions range from europhia, detachment to panic. (influenced by mood and expectations)