AP ES chapter 5 populations

third stage of the demographic transition model, in which population growth is still fairly high, but the birth rate drops, becoming similar to the death rate

organisms that reproduce later in life, produce fewer offspring, and devote significant time and energy to the nurturing of their offspring

the condition in which a population is well below the size dictated by the carrying capacity of its habitat, so it will grow exponentially; but as it approaches the carrying capacity, its growth rate will decrease and the size of the population will eventually become stable

the condition in which a large proportion of women are in child-bearing years, so that a country’s population will continue to grow even if the fertility rate falls to replacement levels

first stage of the demographic transition model, in which the population exhibits a slow rate of growth and has a high birth rate and high death rate because of harsh living conditions

the final stage of the demographic transition model, in which the population approaches and reaches a zero growth rate or even drops below it

organisms that reproduce early in life and often and have a high capacity for reproductive growth

second stage of the demographic transition model, in which birth rates are high, but due to better food, water, and health care, death rates are lower, which allows for rapid population growth

survivorship curve with a convex shape, which indicates that most individuals in the population survive into adulthood, with a sharp increase in mortality as the population approaches the species’ maximum age

survivorship curve with a straight-line pattern indicating that mortality and survival rates are fairly constant throughout life

survivorship curve with a concave shape, which indicates that most offspring die young, but if they live to a certain age, they will live a longer life