2024-07-26T18:49:24+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>Gram + bacteria</p>, <p>Why is there a cross reaction between cillins and cephalosporins</p>, <p>Abx in pregnancy-sulfas</p>, <p>Abx in pregnancy- cillins, macrolids, and cephalosporins </p>, <p>Abx in pregnancy- Nitrofurantoins</p>, <p>Drug 2 drug- tetracycline</p>, <p>Drug 2 drug- TMP-SMX</p>, <p>Drug 2 drug- ABX and warfarin (coumadin)</p>, <p>Drug 2 drug-Levoflxacin (levaquin)</p>, <p>Drug 2 drug- Clarithromycin</p>, <p>Drug 2 drug-OCP and abx</p>, <p>Drug safety- Tetracyclines</p>, <p>ABX and lactation- cillins and cephalosporins</p>, <p>ABX and lactation- macrolids</p>, <p>ABX and lactation- fluoroquinolones</p>, <p>FDA approved antivirals for influenza</p>, <p>Drugs for PrEP</p>, <p>Influenza and pregnancy</p> flashcards

Antimicrobials

FNU PC707 Module 2- antimicrobials

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  • Gram + bacteria

    Staph-, Strep- or enterococci

  • Why is there a cross reaction between cillins and cephalosporins

    beta-lactam ring

  • Abx in pregnancy-sulfas

    Not recommended in 1st or 3rd trimester d/t concerns of folate methylation (CV defects and cleft lip or palate defects). In 3rd trimester also concerns in sulfas competing for bilirubin binding sites. G6PD (mother-hemolytic anemia. Infant- hemolysis and jaundice)

  • Abx in pregnancy- cillins, macrolids, and cephalosporins

    Considered safe

  • Abx in pregnancy- Nitrofurantoins

    Should be avoided in 1st trimester

  • Drug 2 drug- tetracycline

    Chelation (no calcium or iron)

  • Drug 2 drug- TMP-SMX

    hyperkalemia. Caution in those on ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. Most likely to cause hyperkalemia in elderly and those with kidney disease

  • Drug 2 drug- ABX and warfarin (coumadin)

    High likelihood of increasing INR. Especially TMP-SMX. Also erythromycin and -zole drugs

  • Drug 2 drug-Levoflxacin (levaquin)

    RISK of tendon rupture (especially 60+, corticosteroids and post transplant patients. Should not be used in those with PVD, HTN, marfan's and elderly (risk of aortic aneurysm). Also hypoglycemia, mental health SE, neuropathy, hepatotoxicity, seizures, etc. Basically only use as a last resort

  • Drug 2 drug- Clarithromycin

    Lots of interactions, always check compatibility

  • Drug 2 drug-OCP and abx

    many abx decrease the efficacy of OCP. Be sure to check

  • Drug safety- Tetracyclines

    Contraindicated in anyone under 8 (including pregnancy- fetus is under 8- althouogh it is considered safe in lactation if there are no other alternatives and less than 3 weeks of use)

  • ABX and lactation- cillins and cephalosporins

    Considered safe

  • ABX and lactation- macrolids

    Questionable- low levels are found in HM but there is some associative risk with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Azithro is considered to be the safest.

  • ABX and lactation- fluoroquinolones

    Controversial. Ciprofloxacin- approved by AAP

  • FDA approved antivirals for influenza

    Neuraminidase inhibitors: oseltamivir (tamiflu), zanmivir (relenza)

    Endonuclease inhibitor: marboxil (Zofluza) *must be >11 years old and not pregnant or lactating

  • Drugs for PrEP

    nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). Must confirm HIV neg prior to starting and periodically throughout. High risk for renal function changes. Also risk for lactic acidosis and hepatic changes

  • Influenza and pregnancy

    Being pregnant (especially 2 weeks prior to or following delivery) is high risk for severe infection. Anti-virals recommended for anyone in these categories. No adverse outcomes associated with flu antivirals or influenza vaccination in pregnancy.