Angiology

Ischemia is a restriction in blood supply to tissues, causing a shortage of oxygen and glucose needed for cellular metabolism (to keep tissue alive).

The basement membrane is a thin, fibrous, extracellular matrix of tissue that separates the epithelium (skin, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, etc.), mesothelium (pleural cavity, peritoneal cavity, pericardial cavity, etc.) and endothelium (blood vessels, lymph vessels, etc.) from underlying connective tissue.

The dural venous sinuses (also called dural sinuses, cerebral sinuses, or cranial sinuses) are venous channels found between layers of dura mater in the brain.

Arteries (from Greek ἀρτηρία (artēria), meaning "windpipe, artery") are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

The blood vessels are the part of the circulatory system that transports blood throughout the human body.

The lymphatic system is part of the circulatory system and a vital part of the immune system, comprising a network of lymphatic vessels that carry a clear fluid called lymph (from Latin, lympha meaning water) directionally towards the heart.

Veins are blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), originally known as vascular permeability factor (VPF), is a signal protein produced by cells that stimulates vasculogenesis and angiogenesis.

Angiogenesis is the physiological process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels.

Angiotensin is a peptide hormone that causes vasoconstriction and a subsequent increase in blood pressure.

Diabetic nephropathy (or diabetic kidney disease) is a progressive kidney disease caused by damage to the capillaries in the kidneys' glomeruli.

Enterohepatic circulation refers to the circulation of biliary acids, bilirubin, drugs, or other substances from the liver to the bile, followed by entry into the small intestine, absorption by the enterocyte and transport back to the liver.

Paget–Schroetter disease, also known as Paget–von Schrötter disease, is a form of upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a medical condition in which blood clots form in the deep veins of the arms.

Angiopoietin is part of a family of vascular growth factors that play a role in embryonic and postnatal angiogenesis.

The capillary lamina of choroid or choriocapillaris is a layer of capillaries that is immediately adjacent to Bruch's membrane in the choroid.

Capillaries (/ˈkæpᵻlɛriz/ in US; /kəˈpɪləriz/ in UK) are the smallest of a body's blood vessels (and lymph vessels) that make up the microcirculation.

The cavernous sinus (or lateral sellar compartment), within the human head, is a true dural venous sinus (not a venous plexus) creating a cavity bordered by the temporal bone of the skull and the sphenoid bone, lateral to the sella turcica.

Endothelium is a type of epithelium that lines the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood or lymph in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.

An arteriole /ɑːrˈtɪəri.

A venule is a very small blood vessel in the microcirculation that allows blood to return from the capillary beds to drain into the larger blood vessels, the veins.

Protein C, also known as autoprothrombin IIA and blood coagulation factor XIV, is a zymogen, the activated form of which plays an important role in regulating anticoagulation, inflammation, cell death, and maintaining the permeability of blood vessel walls in humans and other animals.

Mönckeberg's arteriosclerosis, or Mönckeberg's sclerosis, also called medial calcific sclerosis or Mönckeberg medial sclerosis, is a form of arteriosclerosis or vessel hardening, where calcium deposits are found in the muscular middle layer of the walls of arteries (the tunica media).

The hypophyseal portal system is a system of blood vessels in the brain that connects the hypothalamus with the anterior pituitary.

In medical pathology, a dissection is a tear within the wall of a blood vessel, which allows blood to separate the wall layers.

A precapillary sphincter is a band of smooth muscle that adjusts blood flow into capillaries mainly in the mesenteric microcirculation.

The tubal branches of ovarian artery are arteries providing blood to the Fallopian tube.

The aortic body is one of several small clusters of chemoreceptors, baroreceptors, and supporting cells located along the aortic arch.

Precapillary resistance is the modulation of blood flow by capillaries through vasomotion, either opening (dilating) and letting blood pass through, or by constricting their lumens, reducing bloodflow through the capillary bed (occluding the passage of blood).

The carotid body (carotid glomus or glomus caroticum) is a small cluster of chemoreceptors and supporting cells located near the fork (bifurcation) of the carotid artery (which runs along both sides of the throat).

Lymph capillaries or lymphatic capillaries are tiny, thin-walled vessels located in the spaces between cells (except in the central nervous system and non-vascular tissues) which serve to drain and process extra-cellular fluid.

The medullary or nutrient artery (arteria nutricia), usually accompanied by one or two veins, sends branches upward and downward to the bone marrow, which ramify in the medullary membrane, and give twigs to the adjoining canals.

Collateral circulation is the re-routing of blood circulation around a blocked artery or vein via nearby minor vessels.

Vasospasm refers to a condition in which an arterial spasm leads to vasoconstriction.

The organ of Zuckerkandl is a chromaffin body derived from neural crest located at the bifurcation of the aorta or at the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery.

Microvessel or microvasculature refers to the smallest systems of blood vessels in a body, including those responsible for microcirculation, the system of smaller blood vessels that distribute blood within tissues.

A sinusoid is a small blood vessel that is a type of capillary similar to a fenestrated endothelium.

The vasa vasorum (Latin, "the vessels of the vessels") is a network of small blood vessels that supply the walls of large blood vessels, such as elastic arteries (aorta) and large veins (vena cava).