Primary tillage
– is performed to: • Open up any cultivable land • Prepare a seedbed • Break or loosen compact soil
moldboard plow, discp plow
equipment used in primary tillage
Secondary tillage
– is performed: • Break soil clods into finer soil particles • Crushed weeds and other vegetation • Improve soil tilth and granulation
Spring tooth harrow, Disc harrow, spike tooth harrow
equipment used in secondary tillage
Inter-row cultivation
s performed: • When crops are planted and established • Control weed in between the rows of crops
Interrow cultivatior, crop cultivator, sweep cultivator
equipment used in inter row cultivation
Circuitous
a pattern which Plowing begins at the edge of the field and works toward the center of the field always throwing the soil towards the outside of the field. It is the most commonly used system for ploughing in Asia. It is commonly used with moldboards, discs
Headland
This system is used for bigger pieces of land and can only be used for tined implements, rotovators, harrows and reversible ploughs.
headland (one-way)
• Most field efficient system
Headland (one -way)
plowed in runs parallel to each other. It starts at one boundary of the field and ends at the opposite with turns being made on the headlands.
Headland (Gathering)
ploughing to begin in the center of the field and works out to the edges.
Headland (Casting)
• Requires plowing to begin at the edges. • Furrow slices are turned to the edges of the field
42-45
disc angle for disc plow
15-25
tilt angle for disc plow
Disc
is the circular concave revolving steel plate used for cutting the soil clods.
Gang
each set of discs that are mounted on a common shaft
Gang bolt
a square headed bolt from the other end, a set of discs are mounted on the gang bolt
single action
two gangs placed end to end.
Double action
- consist of two or more gangs. A set of two or more gangs follow behind the set of the other one or two. The gang throw the soil in opposite direction
Tandem disc harrow
comprise of four gangs angled in opposite direction
Offset disc harrow
two gangs of concave discs mounted on a frame, one behind the other