definition of enthalpy change
the amount of heat energy transferred during a chemical reaction at a constant pressure
definition of the standard enthalpy change of atomisation
the enthalpy change when 1 mole of gaseous atoms is formed from its element under standard conditions
standard temperature conditions
298K
standard pressure conditions
101KPa
what is ΔHatꝋ
standard enthalpy change of atomisation
is ΔHatꝋ endothermic or exothermic
always endothermic, always positive
why is ΔHatꝋ endothermic
energy is required to break bonds
the standard enthalpy of atomisation can be shown by
equations
what is an example of a typical element that has a standard enthalpy of atomisation
sodium
definition of lattice energy
the enthalpy change when 1 mole of an ionic compound is formed from its gaseous ions under standard conditions
what is the symbol for lattice energy?
ΔHlattꝋ
is ΔHlattꝋ endothermic or exothermic?
always exothermic, always negative
why is ΔHlattꝋ always exothermic?
when ions combine to form a lattice, there is an extremely large release of energy (large negative)
what does the large negative value of ΔHlattꝋ suggest? (1)
the ionic compound formed is more stable than the gaseous ions
what does the large negative value of ΔHlattꝋ suggest? (2)
strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions in the solid lattice
the more exothermic the value is, the
stronger the ionic bonds within the lattice are
true or false
the ΔHlattꝋ can be determined directly by one single experiments
false
it cannot
why are gaseous ions less stable than a solid ionic lattice
there are no electrostatic forces of attraction between the gaseous ions
to find the ΔHlattꝋ of ionic compounds, what methods can be used?
multiple experimental values
an energy cycle
what can the lattice energy also be expressed as ?
an equation
an example of an ionic compound with a ΔHlattꝋ
magnesium chloride
an equation to express an examplary equation for ΔHlattꝋ
Mg2+(g) + 2Cl–(g) → MgCl2(s)
remember to always include **** in ΔHlattꝋ equations
state symbols