Synapomorphy
Derived trait (Ancestor doesn't have it) shared by 2+ taxa
Homologous
Trait shared by 2+ taxa, share common ancestor
Analogous
Trait shared by 2+ taxa through convergent evolution
Homoplasy
Trait shared by 2+ taxa, don't share ocmmon ancestor
Plesiomorphy
Inhrited (shared) with ancestor
Systematics
Is about context
Sagittal plane
Seperate side from side
Transverse plane
Seperate top from bottom
Superior/ Inferior
Above/ Below
Anterior/ Posterior
Front/ Back
Cranial/ Caudal
Head/Tail
Dorsal/ Ventral
Back/ Stomach
Coronal Plane
Seperate front and back
Chordate Diagnostic Characteristics (5 Synapomorphies)
Notochord
Myomeres
Postanal tail
Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord
Endostyle
Notochord
Muscle attatches here
Myomeres
V or W shaped muscle
Postanal tail
Tail
Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord
Dorsal to notochord
Endostyle
Mucus maker
Chordate
Vertebrates, Lancelet, Sea squirt
Chepha;pchordata
Urochordata
Vertebrata
Brachial Siphon
Pharyngeal/ Brachial basket (+ Gill slits)
Endostyle
Heart
Stomach
Anus
Intestine
Atrium
Atrail Siphon
Dorsal Ganglion
Atrium
Tunic
Tad Pole anatomy
Adhesive Papillae
Pharynx
Head
Eye spot (Cerebral Vescicle)
Tinuc
Notochord
Tail