2023-09-11T22:43:23+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true Root functions, Approximately how big is the root system of a plant?, What are the three types of root systems?, Taproot, Fibrous root, What are the three parts of a fibrous root system?, Radicle root, Nodal root, Seminal root, What are the two parts of a tap root system?, Adventitious root, Root hair, What are the four zones of the root?, Root cap, What slippery, mucus-like substance does the root produce to help it glide through soil?, What are the two zones of root growth?, Elongation zone, Maturation zone, Epidermis, Cortex, Exodermis, Ground tissue, Endodermis, Caspian strip, Stele, Pericycle, What are the names of the two vascular tissue structures?, Pith, What two organisms are involved in symbiotic nitrogen fixation?, What does rhizobia bacteria do?, Rhizobia flashcards
3 - Plant Roots

3 - Plant Roots

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  • Root functions

    1. Absorb and conduct water and minerals

    2. Anchor and support the plant

    3. Storage of energy or food - usually in the form of tubers

    4. Propogation in some species

  • Approximately how big is the root system of a plant?
    The root system ranges from 1/4 to 1/3 of the entire dry weight of any plant
  • What are the three types of root systems?
    Taproot, fibrous, adventitious
  • Taproot
    A dominant main root that is larger and grows faster than branch roots (ex: carrots, turnips, oaks, alfalfa)
  • Fibrous root
    Root system that branches in many directions and includes radicle, nodal, and seminal roots
  • What are the three parts of a fibrous root system?
    Radicle, nodal, and seminal roots
  • Radicle root
    Primary root of fibrous root systems that develops from the seed
  • Nodal root
    Root of the fibrous root system that develops from lower stem nodes
  • Seminal root
    Root part of a fibrous root system that develops from the first root node
  • What are the two parts of a tap root system?
    A taproot that develops from the radicle and branch roots that grow from the taproot after being triggered by hormones
  • Adventitious root
    A root that forms on any part of the plant other than the radicle of a germinating seed (ex: stem, leaf petioles, leaf blades...think of propagating succulents)
  • Root hair
    Hair-like outgrowth of the epidermis of a plant root that increases surface area to absorb water and minerals from soil
  • What are the four zones of the root?
    Zone of maturation, zone of elongation, meristematic region, and root cap
  • Root cap
    End portion of the root that acts as a protective layer as the root forces its way through the soil
  • What slippery, mucus-like substance does the root produce to help it glide through soil?
    Mucigel, which is produced by the golgi apparatus
  • What are the two zones of root growth?
    Elongation and maturation zone
  • Elongation zone
    "Site of cell division that propels the root tip through soil as much as 0.8"" per day"
  • Maturation zone
    Region of the root where root hairs are developed
  • Epidermis
    Outermost layer of cells (tissue) in the root
  • Cortex
    Tissue of the root comprised of three layers: the exodermis, ground tissue, and endodermis
  • Exodermis
    Layer of cortex tissue that acts to prevent water loss
  • Ground tissue
    Layer of cortex tissue that contains parenchyma cells and thus acts mainly for the storage of starch
  • Endodermis
    Layer of cortex tissue that regulates root uptake of mineral nutrients and contains the caspian strip
  • Caspian strip
    Layer of water-impermeable cells that regulate water and mineral uptake by roots
  • Stele
    Collective term for tissue within the endodermis that includes the pericycle, vascular tissue, and pith
  • Pericycle
    Meristematic tissue within the endodermis that is the origin of branch roots
  • What are the names of the two vascular tissue structures?
    Xylem and phloem
  • Pith
    Only in some plants, the dead portions
  • What two organisms are involved in symbiotic nitrogen fixation?
    Legumes and rhizobia bacteria
  • What does rhizobia bacteria do?
    Takes in atmospheric nitrogen from legumes and converts it into ammonia
  • Rhizobia
    Free-living soil bacteria that are attracted to the roots of legumes and are involved in nitrogen fixation