22 prelecture part 1... (pain)

_________ ______

Thin epithelial layer and covered with many sebaceous glands

external nose

______

Area between eyebrows

external nose

______

tip of nose

external nose

_________

allows air into nasal cavity

external nose

_____

lateral extensions of nostrils

_______ ________

Lies posterior to the external nose

Roof is formed by ______ and ___________ bones

Floor is formed by the _______ that separates the ______ and ____ cavities

Nasal Cavity

the __________ anteriorly is _______ ________ and posteriorly ______ _______ and ____________ ________, it divides the _____ ________

Nasal Cavity

________ ______ ___________

Posterior nasal cavity where it meets pharynx

Nasal Cavity

the _________ ___________ is part of nasal cavity superior to each nostril, lined with skin containing _____ glands, _________ glands, and __________

Nasal Cavity

_____________ are found in the ______ __________

and _______ ________ ___________ like dust and pollen from the _________ ___

Mucous membranes of the Nasal Cavity

Name: __________ _________

Structure

Lines the superior nasal cavity and contains ___________ ___________ which has _________ _________ ________

Mucous membranes of the Nasal Cavity

Name: ___________ __________

Function:

the Olfactory sensory neurons form the ________ ______ that send _____ _______ towards the ________ ________

Mucous membranes of the Nasal Cavity

Name :_____________ _________

Structure:

Lines most of the nasal cavity

Tissue type: ________________ _________ _________ ___________ which contains _________ ______ and _____________ ______ ________

Mucous membranes of the Nasal Cavity

Respiratory Mucosa 

Function 1/2

The ___________ ___________ contains ________ ______ that creates a _______ that _____ ___ _______ __ ___________ _____ __________ toward the _________ to be _______

their ___________ secrete ________ which are natural antibiotics 

Seromucous nasal glands

Secrete mucus containing lysozyme 

Mucous 

traps dust, bacteria and debris

High water content humidifies air

Lysosome works as an antibacterial enzyme

Mucous membranes of the Nasal Cavity

Respiratory Mucosa 

Function 2/2

Respiratory mucosa

Ciliated Cells

Creates a current that moves the sheet of contaminated mucus posteriorly toward the esophagus to be digested

Epithelial cells secrete defensins

Natural antibiotics 

The ___________ _______ contains ___________ _____ _____ that secretes mucus containing ________ that works as an ____________ ________

The secreted ______traps dust, bacteria, and debris

High _______ content ________ air

Mucous membranes of the Nasal Cavity

Name: ________ _________

Structure:

Three scroll-like _______ covered projections

Inferior grooves called _______ _________

Lysozyme

____________ _______

Mucous membranes of the Nasal Cavity

Name :_____________

Function:

_________ _________ ________ ____ exposed to air and enhances ____ _________ in the cavity

_____ larger particles 

Minimizes the amount of ________ ____ ____ ____ from the body through breathing 

________ air _______ conchae 

________ air _______ conchae

Mucous membranes of the Nasal Cavity

Name: ___________ ________

Function:

_________ the skull

________ and ________ ___

Produces _______ that ____ into the _______ _______

Mucous membranes of the Nasal Cavity

Name: ________

Structure:    

_______ shaped

________ muscle

Extends for 5 inches 

From base of skull to ___

Divided into three regions

__________

___________

______________

Mucous membranes of the Nasal Cavity

Pharynx 

Function:

Connects the ______ _______ and _______ superiorly to the ________ and __________ inferiorly 

Mucous membranes of the Nasal Cavity

Name: _____________

Structure:

Posterior to nasal cavity

Inferior to sphenoid bone

Superior to soft palate

Continuous with the _________ _____ _________

composed of _______________ ________ ___________

Contains the ___________ and ______ tonsils 

Contains the __________ _____

Mucous membranes of the Nasal Cavity

Name: _______________

Function: ___ _____________ that _______ during _____________ to prevent food from entering the ______ ______

the _______________ ______ __________ ___________ propels ______

__________ and ______ tonsils destroy pathogens entering the nasopharynx 

the____________ ____ equalizes middle ear pressure allowing tympanic membrane to ring freely

Name: ____________

Structure:

Lies posterior to the oral cavity and is continuous through archway called the _________ ___ _________

it is composed of _________ _________ __________ and contains the _________ and _______ tonsils

Name: _______________

Function:

_________ swallowed ____ and ____

its tissue the, _________ ____________ ___________ protects against ________ ________ and _________ _______

Name: _________________

Structure:  

its tissue the, ____________ _________ ___________ is posterior to _______

Continuous with the ____________ posteriorly 

Name: Laryngopharynx 

Function:

___________ for ____ and ___

Name: ________

Structure:  

composed of __________ __________ _________ superiorly

_______________ _______ _________ ________ below vocal folds 

Extends for 2 inches from C3 to C7

Superiorly attaches to hyoid bone

Opens into laryngopharynx 

Inferiorly continuous with the ________

contains __ _________ connected by membranes and ligaments

_____ ______ (true vocal cords)

Pearly white 

No blood vessels

Vocal ligaments

Elastic fibers

contains the ________, the medial opening between vocal folds 

__________ _____ (False vocal cords)

Larynx

True or False and WHY

every one of the 9 cartilages in the larynx is hyaline cartilage

Larynx

__________ cartilages ______ the ______________

Larynx

___________

Posterior aspect of the tongue

Anchors on thyroid cartilage

Ninth cartilage 

Elastic cartilage 

Covered by taste-bud containing mucosa 

Larynx

the ___________ during ____________ projects upwards to _______ ____ flowing into _______

Larynx

the _______________ during ____________ is pulled superiorly and ______ the __________ ______

Larynx

the medial opening or _______ is a __ ____________

Larynx

to produce sound, the _________ ________ ________ as ___ rushes from _______

__________

Structure:

Descends from the larynx through the neck into the mediastinum 

4 inches long, ¾ inch in diameter 

Flexible 

Several layers

Name: _______

Function:

When incoming air reaches end of the passageway at the _______ air is _____ and ________ of most impurities 

Saturated with ______ _______

the _______ elements allow for _______ during ___________ and _______ during ___________

in the trachea, _______ lined with ____ propel _______ containing _____ upwards toward the _______ 

in the trachea, the ____________ contains ___________ ______

that produce _______ ______

in the trachea, the _____ __ _________ ________ prevent the trachea from ___________ and keeps the _______ _____ despite ___________ _________

In the Trachea, the _________ is the __________ layer of _________ ______ that encases the ____ __ ______ ________

In the Trachea,  the ___________ contracts to ________ ______ ___________ so ________ air rushes from lungs with ______ _____ expelling ______ when we ______

In the Trachea, the _______ contains ________ ________ that triggers __________ when _______ _______come in contact

True or false

Right main bronchi is wider, shorter, and more vertical than left

the _______ are ___ _____________ connecting the _______ with ______ 

Cleans, warms, and moistens air

______________

Passages smaller than ____ in diameter 

__________ _____________

Passages less than _____ in diameter

___________ ____________

Contains _______

the _____________ contains ________ ______ that provides __________ to the ___ ___________under certain conditions

the main _______ have the same tissue composition as trachea , but as conducting tubes get smaller (1/3)

____________ _______ of ________ replace the _________ _____

No cartilage in ____________

Main ________ have same tissue composition as trachea , but as conducting tubes get smaller (2/3)

the _________ ____________ gets ________

Changes from ________________ __________ __________ to _______ _________ _________and then to _________ _________ ________ in the ________ _____________

Mucus-producing cells and cilia become _____ in bronchioles 

Main ________ have same tissue composition as trachea , but as conducting tubes get smaller (3/3)

the amount of _______ ________ ___________relative to _________ as passageways get ________

_______

Thin-walled air sacs extending from respiratory bronchioles 

Surrounded by fine ______ _______

Alveoli

Respiratory Membrane component

Type 1 alveolar cells

_________ __________ cells compose the ______ of the alveoli

Alveoli

__________ _______

Connects adjacent alveoli to allow ___ _______throughout the lung to be __________ 

Provides _________ ______ to any _________ alveoli

Alveoli

Type 2 alveolar cells

__________ _______ cells scattered amongst type 1 cells

Alveoli

Respiratory Membrane component

External surfaces 

Cobweb of _________ _______________

Alveoli

the ______________ ____________ is composed of the ______, _______ _______, and _________ __________

0.5-µm-thick ______ ___ _______

Alveoli

___________ ______________

Roam interior alveolar surfaces consuming bacteria, dust and other debris 

Alveoli

________ ________

Continues from _________ _____________

Contains diffusely arranged rings of smooth muscle cells

__________ ________ fibers

Outpocketing Alveoli

Alveoli

__________ ____

Continues from alveolar ducts

Alveoli

the ____________ ___________ site of gas exchange through the process of _______ __________

___ passes from _______ into _______

____ leaves ______ to enter gas filled _______ 

Alveoli

_____ _ ________ ____

Secretes __________ _______ for innate immunity and secretes __________ a fluid containing a detergent-like substance that _____ _______ _________ ________

Trachea

the ________ is composed of __________ _______ ___________

Rests on lamina propria 

Elastic fibers

Trachea

the ___________ is deep to the _______

Connective tissue 

Seromucous glands

Supported by 16-20 C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage  

Trachea

___________

Encases ________ cartilage 

_______ _________ ______ of _________ tissue

Trachea

__________

smooth muscle fibers

Trachea

_________

_____ tracheal ________

Branches into two ______ ________

Larynx

Function

Provides an ____ _______

Acts as a __________ _____________ to route __ and ______ into the proper channels

______ production