16th-century philosophers

Otto Casmann (1562 - 1 August 1607) (also known by the Latinized name Casmannus) was a German humanist who converted from Catholicism to Protestantism as a young man.

Cho Shik (July 10, 1501 – February 21, 1572) was a Korean Joseon Dynasty Neo-Confucian scholar, educator, and poet.

Rudolph Goclenius the Elder (Latin: Rudolphus Goclenius; born Rudolf Gockel or Göckel; 1 March 1547 – 8 June 1628) was a German scholastic philosopher who lived from March 1, 1547 to June 8, 1628.

François de la Noue (1531 – August 14, 1591), called Bras-de-Fer (Iron Arm), was one of the Huguenot captains of the 16th century.

Andreas Volanus (Lithuanian: Andrius Volanas, Polish: Andrzej Wolan, 1530 in Poznań – 1610 in Vilnius) was a secretary to the Grand Duke of Lithuania and an eminent Calvinist theologian.

Petrus Ramus (French: Pierre de la Ramée; Anglicized to Peter Ramus /ˈreɪməs/; 1515 – 26 August 1572) was an influential French humanist, logician, and educational reformer.

Wang Yangming (31 October 1472 – 9 January 1529), courtesy name Bo'an, was a Chinese idealist Neo-Confucian philosopher, official, educationist, calligraphist and general during the Ming dynasty.

Laurentius Surius (translating to Lorenz Sauer; Lübeck, 1523 – Cologne, 23 May 1578) was a German Carthusian hagiographer and church historian.

Francisco Suárez (5 January 1548 – 25 September 1617) was a Spanish Jesuit priest, philosopher and theologian, one of the leading figures of the School of Salamanca movement, and generally regarded among the greatest scholastics after Thomas Aquinas.

Juan Luis Vives (Latin: Ioannes Lodovicus Vives; Catalan: Joan Lluís Vives i March; Dutch: Jan Ludovicus Vives; 6 March 1493 – 6 May 1540) was a Valencian scholar and humanist who spent most of his adult life in the Southern Netherlands.

Pietro Pomponazzi (16 September 1462 – 18 May 1525) was an Italian philosopher.

Nicolaus Taurellus (Latin, from German: Nikolaus Öchslin) (November 26, 1547 – September 28, 1606) was a German philosopher and medical academic.

Pierre Charron (French pronunciation: ​[pjɛʁ ʃaʁɔ̃]; 1541 – 16 November 1603) was a French 16th-century Catholic theologian and philosopher, and a disciple and contemporary of Michel Montaigne.

Giacomo (or Jacopo) Zabarella (5 September 1533 – 15 October 1589) was an Italian Aristotelian philosopher and logician.

George Buchanan (Scottish Gaelic: Seòras Bochanan; February 1506 – 28 September 1582) was a Scottish historian and humanist scholar.

Martinus Becanus (6 January 1563 – 24 January 1624) was a Flemish Jesuit priest, known as a theologian and controversialist.

Julius Caesar Scaliger (/ˈskælədʒər/; April 23, 1484 – October 21, 1558), or Giulio Cesare della Scala, was an Italian scholar and physician, who spent a major part of his career in France.

Christian Knorr von Rosenroth (July 15/16, 1636 – May 4, 1689) was a German Christian Hebraist and Christian Cabalist born at Alt-Raudten (today Stara Rudna) in Silesia.

William Ames (/eɪmz/; Latin: Guilielmus Amesius; 1576 – 14 November 1633) was an English Protestant divine, philosopher, and controversialist.

Tommaso Campanella OP (Italian: [tomˈmazo kampaˈnɛlla]; 5 September 1568 – 21 May 1639), baptized Giovanni Domenico Campanella, was a Dominican friar, Italian philosopher, theologian, astrologer, and poet.

Jiva Goswami (Sanskrit: जीव गोस्वामी, Jīva Gosvāmī; c. 1513 – 1598) is one of the most prolific and important philosopher and saint from the Gaudiya Vaishnava school of Vedanta tradition, producing a great number of philosophical works on the theology and practice of Bhakti yoga, Vaishnava Vedanta and associated disciplines.

Gómez Pereira (1500–1567) was a Spanish philosopher, doctor, and natural humanist from Medina del Campo.

Franciscus Patricius (Italian: Francesco Patrizi, Croatian: Franjo Petriš or Frane Petrić; 25 April 1529 – 6 February 1597) was a philosopher and scientist from the Republic of Venice.

Thomas Cajetan (pronunciation: /ˈkædʒətən/), also known as Gaetanus, commonly Tommaso de Vio or Thomas de Vio (20 February 1469 - 9 August 1534), was an Italian philosopher, theologian, cardinal (from 1517 until his death) and the Master of the Order of Preachers 1508-18.

Philip Melanchthon (Philippus Melanchthon) (/məˈlæŋkθən/; 16 February 1497 – 19 April 1560), born Philipp Schwartzerdt (German: [ˈʃvaɐ̯ts.eːɐt]), was a German reformer, collaborator with Martin Luther, the first systematic theologian of the Protestant Reformation, intellectual leader of the Lutheran Reformation, and an influential designer of educational systems.

Marius Nizolius (Mario Nizzoli or Nizolio) (1498-1576) was an Italian humanist scholar, known as a proponent of Cicero.

Francesco Cattani da Diacceto (16 November 1466 – 10 April 1522) was a Florentine Neoplatonist philosopher of the Italian Renaissance.

Cesare Cremonini, sometimes Cesare Cremonino (Italian pronunciation: [ˈtʃeːzare kremoˈniːni]; 22 December 1550 – 19 July 1631) was an Italian professor of natural philosophy, working rationalism (against revelation) and Aristotelian materialism (against the dualist immortality of the soul) inside scholasticism.

Guillaume Postel (25 March 1510 – 6 September 1581) was a French linguist, astronomer, Cabbalist, diplomat, professor, and religious universalist.

Alessandro Achillini (Latin Alexander Achillinus; 29 October 1463 – 2 August 1512) was an Italian philosopher and physician.

John Major (or Mair) (also known in Latin as Joannes Majoris and Haddingtonus Scotus) (1467–1550) was a Scottish philosopher, much admired in his day and an acknowledged influence on all the great thinkers of the time.

Li Zhi (1527–1602), often known by his pseudonym Zhuowu, was a prominent Chinese philosopher, historian and writer of the late Ming Dynasty.

Francisco Sanches (c. 1550 – November 16, 1623) was a Portuguese skeptic philosopher and physician of Sephardi Jewish origin.

Francisco de Vitoria (or Victoria), OP (c. 1483, Burgos or Vitoria-Gasteiz – 12 August 1546, Salamanca), was a Spanish Renaissance Roman Catholic philosopher, theologian and jurist.

Niels Hemmingsen (Nicolaus Hemmingius) (1513 in Taagerup – 1600 in Roskilde) was a Danish Lutheran theologian.

Johann Reuchlin (sometimes called Johannes) (22 February 1455 – 30 June 1522) was a German-born humanist and a scholar of Greek and Hebrew, whose work also took him to modern-day France, Austria, Switzerland, and Italy.

Giulio Pace de Beriga (9 April 1550 – 1635) was a well-known Italian Aristotelian scholar and jurist.

Matteo Tafuri (Soleto 8 August 1492 – Soleto 13 June 1582) was an Italian philosopher, astrologer and physician.

Marcantonio Genua (1491–1563) (Marco Antonio Passeri) was a Renaissance Aristotelian philosopher who taught at the University of Padua.

Jacob Acontius (Italian: Jacopo (or Giacomo) Aconcio), c.

Marie de Gournay (French pronunciation: [maʁi də ɡuʁnɛ] ; 6 October 1565, Paris – 13 July 1645) was a French writer, who wrote a novel and a number of other literary compositions, including two protofeminist works, The Equality of Men and Women (1622) and The Ladies' Grievance (Les femmes et Grief des dames, 1626).

John Case (or Johannes Casus) (died 1600) was an English writer on Aristotle.

Jakob Schegk (also known as Jakob Degen, Johann Jacob Brucker Schegk, Jakob Schegk the elder, Schegkius, and Scheckius) (6 June 1511 – 9 May 1587) was a polymath German Aristotelian philosopher and academic physician.

Marcantonio Zimara (ca. 1460–1532 CE), was an Italian philosopher.

Giovanni Francesco Pico della Mirandola (1470–1533) was an Italian nobleman and philosopher, the nephew of Giovanni Pico della Mirandola.

Fabrizio Mordente (Salerno, 1532 – ca 1608) was an Italian mathematician.

Jacob Lorhard (Latin: Jacobus Lorhardus; 1561 – 19 May 1609) was a German philosopher and pedagogue based in St.

Charles de Bovelles (Carolus Bovillus) (born c. 1475 at Saint-Quentin, died at Ham, Somme after 1566) was a French mathematician, and canon of Noyon.

Gaspar Lax (1487, Sariñena – 23 February 1560, Saragossa) was a Spanish mathematician, logician, and philosopher who spent much of his career in Paris.

Simone Simoni (1532, Lucca - 1602, Kraków) was an Italian philosopher and physician.

George Lokert of Ayr (c. 1485 - 1547) was a Scottish philosopher and theologian who made significant contributions to the study of logic.

Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban PC KC (/ˈbeɪkən/; 22 January 1561 – 9 April 1626) was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, orator, and author.

Nicholas Hill (1570-1610?) was an English natural philosopher, considered a disciple of Giordano Bruno.

Gerhard Dorn (c. 1530 – 1584) was a Belgian philosopher, translator, alchemist, physician and bibliophile.

Oliva Sabuco de Nantes Barrera (1562 – ca. 1622) was a Spanish writer in holistic medical philosophy in the late 16th – early 17th century.

Robert Balfour (c. 1553–1621; known also as Balforeus) was a Scottish philosopher.

Luo Rufang(Chinese: 罗汝芳, 1515–1588), also Weide (courtesy name, zì) or Jinxi (art pseudonym, hào), was a Chinese philosopher of the Ming Dynasty.