2025-01-21T04:40:35+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>What is physiology?</p>, <p>What is homeostasis?</p>, <p>What are some conditions considered in homeostasis?</p>, <p>why is homeostasis needed?</p>, <p>How does homeostasis work? What happens if it doesnt?</p>, <p>What are the roles of the nervous/endocrine system in homeostasis?</p>, <p>What is the general steps for the regulation of homeostasis?</p>, <p>What are the 2 types of nervous/endocrine responses?</p>, <p>What are anticipatory responses?</p>, <p>What are feedback mechanisms? What are the types?</p>, <p>What are the 3 basic components of feedback mechanisms?</p>, <p>What do the 3 basic components of feedback mechanisms do?</p>, <p>What are setpoints?</p>, <p>What is the feedback mechanisms process?</p>, <p>What are negative feedback mechanisms?</p>, <p>What are positive feedback mechanisms?</p>, <p>if negative feedback, what would body do if body temp increased to 40C</p> flashcards

1. intro to physiology

homeostasis, regulation of homeostasis

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  • What is physiology?

    the study of the physical and chemical processes in cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems that work individually and together to sustain life

  • What is homeostasis?

    —&nbsp; the ability to maintain relatively stable conditions in the internal environment (despite changes in external environment)

    —  the ability to maintain relatively stable conditions in the internal environment (despite changes in external environment)

  • What are some conditions considered in homeostasis?

    1)     pH

    2)     temperature

    3)     blood gases (CO2, O2)

    4)     blood pressure (b.p.)

    5)     intracellular + extracellular (ICF + ECF) fluid volumes

    6)     and many more!

  • why is homeostasis needed?

    cells can only survive within a narrow range of conditions, therefore body conditions must be maintained within physiological limits

  • How does homeostasis work? What happens if it doesnt?

    —  organ systems function together to maintain homeostasis

    —  disease is a failure to maintain homeostasis

  • What are the roles of the nervous/endocrine system in homeostasis?

    - control all other systems

    - maintain homeostasis

    - permit departures from homeostasis in a controlled manner e.g. pregnancy, growth, sudden fright

  • What is the general steps for the regulation of homeostasis?

  • What are the 2 types of nervous/endocrine responses?

    anticipatory responses and feedback mechanisms

  • What are anticipatory responses?

    - signal movement before a change in internal conditions (e.g. increased breathing at start of exercise, or putting on a coat before cold)

  • What are feedback mechanisms? What are the types?

    - mechanisms that respond to change in system

    - positive and negative (most common by a lot) feedback types

  • What are the 3 basic components of feedback mechanisms?

    —  3 basic components: receptors, control areas, and effectors

  • What do the 3 basic components of feedback mechanisms do?

    —  Receptors monitor variables/conditions

    —  Control centers integrate info and maintain setpoints by signalling to effectors

    —  Effectors create a response that will alter the variable/condition.

  • What are setpoints?

    Setpoint = range of values of a variable (e.g. body temp.) that do not bring about a response (i.e. “normal range”)

  • What is the feedback mechanisms process?

    - Variable/condition is monitored by receptors.

    - Information from receptors (input) is fed back to the control area (Nervous System/endocrine gland).

    - The control area (Nervous/Endocrine) then signals to the effector (output) which will bring about a response.

  • What are negative feedback mechanisms?

    —  Most common homeostatic control mechanism

    —  Result of “output” - variable moves back toward the set point i.e. in opposite (negative) direction to the change that triggered the response (“input”)

  • What are positive feedback mechanisms?

    —  Less common - NOT homeostatic

    —  Output of the feedback process intensifies the input – causes variable to move further away from set point (continues until an end point)

    —  e.g.  Childbirth – labour (end point is baby)

  • if negative feedback, what would body do if body temp increased to 40C

    - dilated blood vessels bring warm core blood to the cooler skin surface and sweat evaporates.

    - Results in increased heat loss & body temperature will decrease (opposite to the direction of the input/stimulus)