• Substitution of:

• /f/ for /θ/ in medial and final word positions (e.g., somefin for something, and teef for

teeth)

• /t/ for /θ/ in initial word position (e.g., tank for thank)

• /d/ for /ð/ in initial and medial word position (e.g., dat for that and moder for mother)

• /v/ for /ð/ in final word position (e.g., bav for bathe)

• /b/ for /v/ in initial word position (e.g., base for vase)

• /n/ for / ŋ/ (e.g, talkin’)

• Omission of:

• Final consonants (e.g., moo for moon)

• /l/ in medial and final positions (e.g., ebow for elbow and foo for fool)

• /r/ in consonant clusters and final word positions (e.g., bake for break and floah for

floor)

• Consonant cluster reduction in final word position (e.g., lef for left)

Review: ****PRAXIS Cultural Considerations