Activation of Endothelial Cells:

Inflammatory triggers activate arterial endothelial cells.

Oxidized LDL particles, stimulated by necrotic cell debris and free radicals, contribute to this activation.

Expression of Inflammatory Signals:

Activated endothelial cells express cytokines and adhesion molecules in response to LDL and inflammation.

Monocyte Adhesion and Migration:

Circulating monocytes bind to the activated endothelium.

These monocytes express adhesion molecules and migrate into the intimal layer.

Differentiation and Mediator Release:

Monocytes differentiate into macrophages within the tissue.

Macrophages release inflammatory mediators, leading to an immune response in the affected area.

Review: Mechanism of atheroma and infarction (Physiology)