DAMPs (Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns):

Definition: Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous molecules that are typically sequestered within cells.

Example: One example of a DAMP is High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1). HMGB1 is a nuclear protein that is normally present inside cells, where it functions in the regulation of DNA structure.

Function of DAMPs: DAMPs are like alarm signals released by damaged or stressed cells. When cells are in trouble (due to injury, infection, or stress), DAMPs act as signals to alert the immune system. Their main jobs are to kick-start inflammation, which helps the body get rid of damaged cells, and to promote the repair of tissues. DAMPs essentially guide the immune system to areas where there's a problem, ensuring a quick and targeted response to potential threats.

Review: Introduction to Immune System (Pathology)