𖹭 The two major clinical disorders of the GFR are:

Increased permeability of glomeruli to plasma proteins:

Condition: Nephrotic syndrome (e.g., filtration slit disordered by nephrin deficiency)

Symptoms:

Proteinuria (excess protein in the urine)

Hypoproteinaemia (low levels of protein in the blood)

Oedema (swelling due to fluid retention)

Decreased GFR:

Condition: Chronic glomerulonephritis leading to nonfunctioning glomeruli

Criteria: When GFR is less than 30 ml/min, this condition is termed chronic renal failure.

Treatment: Respond well to steroids

Review: Glomerular Filtration and Rate of Renal Blood Flow (Physiology)