IMAP
used to retrieve messages
SMTP
for sending email
IMAP vs. POP3
IMAP enables more advanced email management and synchronization across numerous devices, while POP3 is better suited for configurations where emails need to be accessed only from a single device
POP3
that allows email clients to retrieve email from a mail server like IMAP
Domain Name System (DNS)
translates domain names (e.g., its.umich.edu) into IP addresses.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
assigning IP addresses and other configurations to devices when they connect to a network.
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
used for initiating, maintaining, and terminating communication sessions that include voice, video and messaging applications
apple Filing Protocol (AFP)
proprietary network protocol, and part of the Apple File Service (AFS), that offers file services for macOS, classic Mac OS, and Apple II computers.
NTP Network Time Protocol)
networking protocol that synchronizes clocks between computer systems over the internet