Flashcards: Vision

A monocle is a type of corrective lens used to correct or enhance the vision in only one eye.

A cataract is a clouding of the lens in the eye leading to a decrease in vision.

Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the fluid pressure inside the eye.

An eye examination is a series of tests performed by an ophthalmologist (medical doctor), optometrist, or orthoptist assessing vision and ability to focus on and discern objects, as well as other tests and examinations pertaining to the eyes.

Dichromacy (di meaning "two" and chroma meaning "color") is the state of having two types of functioning color receptors, called cone cells, in the eyes.

Usher syndrome is an extremely rare genetic disorder caused by a mutation in any one of at least 11 genes resulting in a combination of hearing loss and visual impairment, and is a leading cause of deafblindness.

Bitemporal hemianopsia (aka bitemporal heteronymous hemianopsia or bitemporal hemianopia) is the medical description of a type of partial blindness where vision is missing in the outer half of both the right and left visual field.

Monochromacy (mono meaning one and chromo color) is among organisms or machine the ability to distinguish only one single frequency of the electromagnetic light spectrum.

Color blindness, also known as color vision deficiency, is the decreased ability to see color or differences in color.

Near-sightedness, also known as short-sightedness and myopia, is a condition of the eye where light focuses in front, instead of on the retina.

Astigmatism is a type of refractive error in which the eye does not focus light evenly on the retina.

The Purkinje effect (sometimes called the Purkinje shift or dark adaptation) is the tendency for the peak luminance sensitivity of the human eye to shift toward the blue end of the color spectrum at low illumination levels.

The field of view is the extent of the observable world that is seen at any given moment.

Floaters are deposits of various size, shape, consistency, refractive index, and motility within the eye's vitreous humour, which is normally transparent.

Mobility can be difficult for people with homonymous hemianopsia.

Binasal hemianopsia (or Binasal hemianopia) is the medical description of a type of partial blindness where vision is missing in the inner half of both the right and left visual field.

Visual acuity (VA) commonly refers to the clarity of vision.

The Bates method is an alternative therapy aimed at improving eyesight.

Prosopagnosia /ˌprɑːsəpæɡˈnoʊʒə/ (Greek: "prosopon" = "face", "agnosia" = "not knowing"), also called face blindness, is a cognitive disorder of face perception where the ability to recognize familiar faces, including one's own face (self-recognition), is impaired, while other aspects of visual processing (e.g., object discrimination) and intellectual functioning (e.g., decision making) remain intact.

Hemianopsia, or hemianopia, is a decreased vision or blindness (anopsia) in half the visual field, usually on one side of the vertical midline.

Glasses, also known as eyeglasses or spectacles, are devices consisting of lenses mounted in a frame that holds them in front of a person's eyes.

Nyctalopia /ˌnɪktəlˈoʊpiə/ (from Greek νύκτ-, nykt- "night"; ἀλαός, alaos "blind, not seeing", and ὄψ, ops "eye"), also called night-blindness, is a condition making it difficult or impossible to see in relatively low light.

Diplopia, commonly known as double vision, is the simultaneous perception of two images of a single object that may be displaced horizontally, vertically, diagonally (i.e., both vertically and horizontally), or rotationally in relation to each other.

Eye tracking is the process of measuring either the point of gaze (where one is looking) or the motion of an eye relative to the head.

Theory of Colours (original German title Zur Farbenlehre) is a book by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe about the poet's views on the nature of colours and how these are perceived by humans.

Refractive error, also known as refraction error, is a problem with focusing of light on the retina due to the shape of the eye.

Night vision, or scotopic vision, is the ability to see under low light conditions.

The ribbon synapse is a type of neuronal synapse characterized by the presence of an electron-dense structure, the synaptic ribbon, that holds vesicles close to the active zone.

Light rays bend when they travel from one medium to another; the amount of bending is determined by the refractive indices of the two media.

Visual memory describes the relationship between perceptual processing and the encoding, storage and retrieval of the resulting neural representations.

Umoove is a high tech startup company that has developed and patented a software-only face and eye tracking technology.

Vision Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal specializing in the neuroscience and psychology of the visual system of humans and other animals.

Botulinum toxin therapy of strabismus is a medical technique used sometimes in the management of strabismus, in which botulinum toxin is injected into selected extraocular muscles in order to reduce the misalignment of the eyes.

Eigengrau (German: "intrinsic gray", lit. "own gray"; pronounced [ˈʔaɪ̯gn̩ˌgʁaʊ̯]), also called Eigenlicht ("intrinsic light"), dark light, or brain gray, is the uniform dark gray background that many people report seeing in the absence of light.

Journal of Vision is an open access online scientific journal specializing in the neuroscience and psychology of the visual system.

The Northern Optometric Society (NOS) is a not-for-profit, joint academic and professional group providing continuing education to optometrists, optical professionals, and academics.

Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD), (de Morsier syndrome) is a rare congenital malformation syndrome featuring underdevelopment of the optic nerve, pituitary gland dysfunction, and absence of the septum pellucidum (a midline part of the brain).

Stereoscopic acuity, also stereoacuity, is the smallest detectable depth difference that can be seen in binocular vision.

Tobii (formerly known as Tobii Technology AB) is a Swedish high-technology company that develops and sells products for eye control and eye tracking.

The International Commission on Illumination (usually abbreviated CIE for its French name, Commission internationale de l'éclairage) is the international authority on light, illumination, colour, and colour spaces.

Perception is a peer-reviewed scientific journal specialising in the psychology of vision and perception.

A myopic crescent is a moon-shaped feature that can develop at the temporal (lateral) border of disc (it rarely occurs at the nasal border) of myopic eyes.

Retinal is also known as retinaldehyde.

The term congenital cataract refers to a lens opacity present at birth.

The autokinetic effect (also referred to as autokinesis) is a phenomenon of visual perception in which a stationary, small point of light in an otherwise dark or featureless environment appears to move.