Flashcards: Vascular diseases

Behçet's disease is a rare immune-mediated small-vessel systemic vasculitis that often presents with mucous membrane ulceration and ocular problems.

In medicine, the median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS, also known as celiac artery compression syndrome, celiac axis syndrome, celiac trunk compression syndrome or Dunbar syndrome) is a condition characterized by abdominal pain attributed to compression of the celiac artery and possibly the celiac ganglia by the median arcuate ligament.

Cardiogenic shock is a life-threatening medical condition resulting from an inadequate circulation of blood due to primary failure of the ventricles of the heart to function effectively.

Thrombophlebitis is phlebitis (vein inflammation) related to a thrombus, which is a blood clot.

Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS), also called postphlebitic syndrome and venous stress disorder is a medical condition that may occur as a long-term complication of deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is bleeding into the subarachnoid space — the area between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater surrounding the brain.

Atherosclerosis (also known as arteriosclerotic vascular disease or ASVD) is a specific form of arteriosclerosis in which an artery-wall thickens as a result of invasion and accumulation of white blood cells (WBCs) (foam cell) and proliferation of intimal-smooth-muscle cell creating a fibrofatty plaque.

Heart failure (HF), often referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF), occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs.

A coronary artery dissection (also known as spontaneous coronary artery dissection, or SCAD) is a rare, sometimes fatal traumatic condition, with eighty percent of cases affecting women.

Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI or CCVI) is a term developed by Italian researcher Paolo Zamboni in 2008 to describe compromised flow of blood in the veins draining the central nervous system.

Paget–Schroetter disease, also known as Paget–von Schrötter disease, is a form of upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a medical condition in which blood clots form in the deep veins of the arms.

Diabetic angiopathy is a form of angiopathy associated with diabetes mellitus.

Vasculitis (plural: vasculitides) is a group of disorders that destroy blood vessels by inflammation.

Polyarteritis nodosa, also known as panarteritis nodosa, periarteritis nodosa, Kussmaul disease, Kussmaul-Maier disease or PAN, is a systemic vasculitis of small- or medium-sized muscular arteries, typically involving renal and visceral vessels but sparing the pulmonary circulation.

Thromboangiitis obliterans (also known as Buerger's disease, Buerger disease [English /bʌrɡər/; German /byrgər/], or presenile gangrene ) is a recurring progressive inflammation and thrombosis (clotting) of small and medium arteries and veins of the hands and feet.

Goodpasture syndrome (GPS; also known as Goodpasture’s disease, antiglomerular basement antibody disease, or anti-GBM disease) is a rare autoimmune disease in which antibodies attack the basement membrane in lungs and kidneys, leading to bleeding from the lungs and kidney failure.

An air embolism, also known as a gas embolism, is an embolism or blood vessel blockage caused by one or more bubbles of air or gas in the circulatory system.

Deep vein thrombosis, or deep venous thrombosis, (DVT) is the formation of a blood clot (thrombus) within a deep vein, most commonly the legs.

An aneurysm is a localized, blood-filled balloon-like bulge in the wall of a blood vessel.

Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita or CMTC is a rare congenital vascular disorder that usually manifests in affecting the blood vessels of the skin.

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a genetic disorder of connective tissue.

Kawasaki disease is a disease in which blood vessels throughout the body become inflamed.

Hypotension is low blood pressure, especially in the arteries of the systemic circulation.

Takayasu's disease (also known as "aortic arch syndrome," "nonspecific aortoarteritis," and "pulseless disease") is a form of large vessel granulomatous vasculitis with massive intimal fibrosis and vascular narrowing, most commonly affecting often young or middle-age women of Asian descent, though anyone can be affected.

Vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI) or vertebral-basilar ischemia, also called beauty parlour syndrome (BPS), is a temporary set of symptoms due to decreased blood flow (ischemia) in the posterior circulation of the brain.

Binswanger's disease, also known as subcortical leukoencephalopathy, is a form of small vessel vascular dementia caused by damage to the white brain matter.

Phlebitis or venitis is the inflammation of a vein, usually in the legs.

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is the presence of acute thrombosis (a blood clot) in the dural venous sinuses, which drain blood from the brain.

Moyamoya disease is a disease in which certain arteries in the brain are constricted.

A dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF), is an abnormal direct connection (fistula) between a meningeal artery and a meningeal vein or dural venous sinus.

A varicocele is an abnormal enlargement of the pampiniform venous plexus in the scrotum.

Orthostatic hypotension, also known as postural hypotension or shortened to orthostasis and colloquially called head rush, occurs when a person's blood pressure falls when suddenly standing up from a lying or sitting position.

Carotid stenosis is a narrowing or constriction of the inner surface (lumen) of the carotid artery, usually caused by atherosclerosis.

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an abnormal connection between arteries and veins, bypassing the capillary system.

Varicose veins are veins that have become enlarged and twisted.

Epistaxis, also known as a nosebleed, is the common occurrence of bleeding from the nose.

Mönckeberg's arteriosclerosis, or Mönckeberg's sclerosis, also called medial calcific sclerosis or Mönckeberg medial sclerosis, is a form of arteriosclerosis or vessel hardening, where calcium deposits are found in the muscular middle layer of the walls of arteries (the tunica media).

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), also known as Osler–Weber–Rendu disease and Osler–Weber–Rendu syndrome, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that leads to abnormal blood vessel formation in the skin, mucous membranes, and often in organs such as the lungs, liver, and brain.

Coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as ischemic heart disease (IHD), is a group of diseases that includes: stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death.

Diabetic nephropathy (or diabetic kidney disease) is a progressive kidney disease caused by damage to the capillaries in the kidneys' glomeruli.

Susac's syndrome (Retinocochleocerebral Vasculopathy) is a microangiopathy characterized by encephalopathy, branch retinal artery occlusions and hearing loss.

Aortitis is the inflammation of the aortic wall.

A Hollenhorst plaque AKA "Eickenhorst plaque" is a cholesterol embolus that is seen in a blood vessel of the retina.

Vascular disease is a class of diseases of the blood vessels – the arteries and veins of the circulatory system of the body.

Inflammatory aortic aneurysm (IAA), also known as Inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm (IAAA), is a type of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) where the walls of the aneurysm become thick and inflamed.

Brain ischemia (aka cerebral ischemia, cerebrovascular ischemia) is a condition in which there is insufficient blood flow to the brain to meet metabolic demand.

Vertebral artery dissection (abbreviated VAD, often vertebral dissection) is a dissection (a flap-like tear) of the inner lining of the vertebral artery, which is located in the neck and supplies blood to the brain.

Degos disease (also called malignant atrophic papulosis) is a rare vasculopathy that affects the lining of the medium and small veins and arteries, resulting in occlusion (blockage of the vessel) and tissue infarction.

In medicine, aortoiliac occlusive disease, also known as Leriche's syndrome and Leriche syndrome, is a form of peripheral artery disease involving the blockage of the abdominal aorta as it transitions into the common iliac arteries.

Portal vein thrombosis, previously known as Cauchois–Eppinger–Frugoni syndrome, is a form of venous thrombosis affecting the hepatic portal vein, which can lead to portal hypertension and reduction in the blood supply to the liver.

A thoracic aortic aneurysm is an aortic aneurysm that presents primarily in the thorax.

Angiomyxoma is a myxoid tumor involving the blood vessels.

Pulmonary insufficiency (or incompetence, or regurgitation) is a condition in which the pulmonary valve is incompetent and allows backflow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle of the heart during diastole.

Vascular malformation is a blood vessel abnormality.

Arteriosclerosis is the thickening, hardening and loss of elasticity of the walls of arteries.

Carotid artery dissection is a separation of the layers of the artery wall supplying oxygen-bearing blood to the head and brain and is the most common cause of stroke in young adults.

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a medical condition in which the veins cannot pump enough blood back to the heart.

Intermittent claudication (Latin: claudicatio intermittens) is a symptom that describes muscle pain (ache, cramp, numbness or sense of fatigue), classically in the calf muscle, which occurs during exercise, such as walking, and is relieved by a short period of rest.

Endotheliitis is an immune response within the endothelium in blood vessels, in which they become inflamed.

The hot aches (also known among North American ice climbers as the screaming barfies) is a very painful physical reaction to the cold, most often felt in the hands or feet.

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a gastro-vascular disorder in which the third and final portion of the duodenum is compressed between the abdominal aorta (AA) and the overlying superior mesenteric artery.

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), also known as congophilic angiopathy, is a form of angiopathy in which amyloid deposits form in the walls of the blood vessels of the central nervous system.

Phlegmasia alba dolens (also colloquially known as milk leg or white leg) is part of a spectrum of diseases related to deep vein thrombosis.

Loeys–Dietz syndrome (LDS) is an autosomal dominant genetic connective tissue disorder.

An atheroma (plural: atheromata or atheromas) is an accumulation of degenerative material in the tunica intima (inner layer) of artery walls.

Hemorrhagic infarcts are infarcts commonly caused by occlusion of veins, with red blood cells entering the area of the infarct, or an artery occlusion of an organ with collaterals or dual circulation.

The nutcracker syndrome (NCS) — is a manifest variant of nutcracker phenomenon, renal vein entrapment syndrome, or mesoaortic compression of the left renal vein.

Orthostatic intolerance (OI) is the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining.

Pulmonary artery sling is a rare condition in which the left pulmonary artery anomalously originates from a normally positioned right pulmonary artery.

Venous ulcers (venous insufficiency ulceration, stasis ulcers, stasis dermatitis, varicose ulcers, or ulcus cruris) are wounds that are thought to occur due to improper functioning of venous valves, usually of the legs (hence leg ulcers).

Venous malformation is a subtype of vascular malformation affecting the venous vasculature.

Inferior vena cava syndrome (IVCS) is a result of obstruction of the inferior vena cava.

Pylephlebitis (also called pyelophlebitis and infective suppurative thrombosis of the portal vein) is an uncommon thrombophlebitis of the portal vein or any of its branches (i.e. a portal vein thrombosis) that is caused by infection.

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a non-atherosclerotic, non-inflammatory disease of the blood vessels that causes abnormal growth within the wall of an artery.

Cholesterol embolism (often cholesterol crystal embolism or atheroembolism, sometimes blue toe or purple toe syndrome or trash foot or warfarin blue toe syndrome) occurs when cholesterol is released, usually from an atherosclerotic plaque, and travels as an embolus in the bloodstream to lodge (as an embolism) causing an obstruction in blood vessels further away.

Jugular vein ectasia is a venous anomaly that commonly presents itself as a unilateral neck swelling in children and adults.

Capillaritis is a non-existent term that refers to a state where the capillaries are inflamed.

Sack–Barabas syndrome is an older name for the medical condition Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, vascular type.

Arteriolosclerosis is a form of cardiovascular disease affecting the small arteries and arterioles.

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS, also known as postural tachycardia syndrome) is a condition in which a change from the supine position to an upright position causes an abnormally large increase in heart rate, called tachycardia.