What is genetics?
The study of inheritance, transfer of genetically determined characteristics (encoded by genes) from one generation to the next
What are alleles?
Genes occupying the same location (locus) on homologous chromosomes
What are the two types of Alleles?
Homozygous: both alleles express the same expression of a trait (ex: b & b)
Heterozygous: both alleles express different expressions of a trait (ex: b & B)
What does genotype mean?
Genetic makeup of an organism. So which alleles are homozygous/heterozygous (BB, Bb, bb)
What does phenotype mean?
Expressions of genotype to give observable characteristics (ex: Bb gives B observably)
Expression of dominant/recessive allele
Dominant allele are expressions in phenotype regardless of other allele, recessive allele only present if homozygous alleles
What does a punnett square do?
Predicts inheritance, so probability of offspring genotypes and phenotypes
What is X-linked Inheritance?
Inheritance of somatic characteristics determined solely by genes on the X chromosomes (ex: colour blindness, hemophilia (a blood disease) are both recessive alleles on the X chromosome
what genotype would someone get the phenotype of colour blindness?
- XnXn and XnY
- if XnXN then they are carrier but do not have it themselves
Which genotypes are colour blind in phenotype here, who is a carrier?
