Flashcards: Typography

Didone is a genre of serif typeface that emerged in the late 18th century and is particularly popular in Europe.

Electrotyping (also galvanoplasty) is a chemical method for forming metal parts that exactly reproduce a model.

In linguistics, a grapheme is the smallest unit of a writing system of any given language.

Movable type (British English 'Moveable Type') is the system and technology of printing and typography that uses movable components to reproduce the elements of a document (usually individual letters or punctuation) usually on the medium of paper which was first invented in ancient China.

Offset printing is a commonly used printing technique in which the inked image is transferred (or "offset") from a plate to a rubber blanket, then to the printing surface.

A writing system is any conventional method of visually representing verbal communication.

Gælic type (sometimes called Irish character, Irish type, or Gælic script) is a family of insular typefaces devised, for printing Irish.

Capital sharp s (ẞ) is the constructed "majuscule" of eszett (also called sharp s).

In typography, kerning (less commonly mortising) is the process of adjusting the spacing between characters in a proportional font, usually to achieve a visually pleasing result.

In typesetting, widows and orphans are lines at the beginning or end of a paragraph, which are left dangling at the top or bottom of a column, separated from the rest of the paragraph.

Quarto (abbreviated Qto, 4to or 4°) is a book or pamphlet produced from full 'blanksheets', each of which is printed with eight pages of text, four to a side, then folded twice to produce four leaves (that is, eight book pages).

In typography, ALL CAPS (short for "all capitals" or "all capitalized") refers to text or a font in which all letters are capital letters.

In typography, a thin space is a space character that is usually  1⁄5 or  1⁄6 of an em in width.

Capitalization, or capitalisation, is writing a word with its first letter as a capital letter (upper-case letter) and the remaining letters in lower case in writing systems with a case distinction.

In orthography and typography, letter case (or just case) is the distinction between the letters that are in larger upper case (also uppercase, capital letters, capitals, caps, large letters, or more formally majuscule [see ]) and smaller lower case (also lowercase, small letters, or more formally minuscule [see ]) in the written representation of certain languages.

Technical lettering is the process of forming letters, numerals, and other characters in technical drawing.

The long, medial, or descending s (ſ) is a form of the minuscule (lower-case) letter s, which was formerly used where s occurred in the middle or at the beginning of a word (e.g. "ſinfulneſs" for "sinfulness" and "ſucceſsful" for "successful").

The Klingspor-Museum is a museum in Offenbach, Germany, specializing in the art of modern book production, typography and type.

In typography, line length is the width of a block of typeset text, usually measured in units of length like inches or points or in characters per line.

For a printed medium (such as paper), a typographic approximation is a replacement (approximation) of some element of the writing system (usually, a glyph) with some else glyph(s), such as a nearly homographic character, digraph or character string.

A reverse-contrast letterform is a typeface or custom lettering in which the stress is reversed from the norm: instead of the vertical lines being the same width or thicker than horizontals, which is normal in Latin-alphabet writing and especially printing, the horizontal lines are the thickest.

Microprinting is the production of recognizable patterns or characters on a printed medium at a scale which requires magnification to be read.

Yiddish orthography is the writing system used for the Yiddish language.

A subscript or superscript is a number, figure, symbol, or indicator that is smaller than their normal line of type and is set slightly below or above it.

Adscript (from Latin ad, on or to, and scribere, to write) means something written after, as opposed to subscript which means written under.

Contemporary typographers view typography as craft with a very long history tracing its origins back to the first punches and dies used to make seals and currency in ancient times.

Adobe Systems’ division of typography is an innovator in font technology and design, Adobe was a forerunner in the development of PostScript Type 1 and Type 3 font formats and OpenType technology, as well as being an established digital type foundry.