Flashcards: Transport proteins

Myoglobin (symbol Mb or MB) is an iron- and oxygen-binding protein found in the muscle tissue of vertebrates in general and in almost all mammals.

Transferrins are iron-binding blood plasma glycoproteins that control the level of free iron in biological fluids.

Hemocyanins (also spelled haemocyanins and abbreviated Hc) are proteins that transport oxygen throughout the bodies of some invertebrate animals.

Chloride channels are a superfamily of poorly understood ion channels specific for chloride.

The globins are a family of globular proteins, which are thought to share a common ancestor.

Gastric hydrogen potassium ATPase, also known as H+/K+ ATPase, is an enzyme which functions to acidify the stomach.

Hemerythrin (also spelled haemerythrin; from Greek words αίμα = blood and ερυθρός = red) is an oligomeric protein responsible for oxygen (O2) transport in the marine invertebrate phyla of sipunculids, priapulids, brachiopods, and in a single annelid worm genus, Magelona.

The lipocalins are a family of proteins which transport small hydrophobic molecules such as steroids, bilins, retinoids, and lipids.

Glucose transporters are a wide group of membrane proteins that facilitate the transport of glucose over a plasma membrane.

Hemoglobin (/ˈhiːməˌɡloʊbᵻn, ˈhɛ-, -moʊ-/); also spelled haemoglobin and abbreviated Hb or Hgb, is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells of all vertebrates (with the exception of the fish family Channichthyidae) as well as the tissues of some invertebrates.

The p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate transporter (AbgT) family (TC# 2.A.68) is a family of transporter proteins belonging to the ion transporter (IT) superfamily.

Na+/H+ antiporter A (NhaA) family (TC# 2.A.33) contains a number of bacterial sodium-proton antiporter (SPAP) proteins.

The ryanodine-inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor Ca2+ channel (RIR-CaC) family (TC# 1.A.3) consists of several receptor proteins exhibiting 4 to 6 transmembrane segments (TMSs), although ryanodine receptor Ca2+ release channel (RyR2; TC# 1.A.3.1.1), of Homo sapiens exhibits 10 TMSs.

The Polycystin Cation Channel (PCC) Family (TC# 1.A.5) consists of several transporters ranging in size from 500 to over 4000 amino acyl residues (aas) in length and exhibiting between 5 and 18 transmembrane segments (TMSs).

The transient receptor potential Ca2+ channel (TRP-CC) family (TC# 1.A.4) is a member of the voltage-gated ion channel (VIC) superfamily and consists of cation channels conserved from worms to humans.

The Calcium-Dependent Chloride Channel (Ca-ClC) Family (TC# 1.A.17) consists of eukaryotic proteins that are required for normal electrolyte and fluid secretion, olfactory perception, and neuronal and smooth muscle excitability in animals.

The K+ Transporter (Trk) Family is a member of the voltage-gated ion channel (VIC) superfamily.

The ATP-gated P2X Receptor Cation Channel (P2X Receptor) Family (TC# 1.A.7) consists of cation-permeable ligand gated ion channels that open in response to the binding of extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP).

Members of the Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (NSS) family (TC# 2.A.22) catalyze uptake of a variety of neurotransmitters, amino acids, osmolytes and related nitrogenous substances by a solute:Na+ symport mechanism.

The Large Conductance Mechanosensitive Ion Channel (MscL) Family (TC# 1.A.22) consists of pore-forming membrane proteins that are responsible for translating physical forces applied to cell membranes into electrophysiological activities.

Innexins (TC# 1.A.25), or gap junction proteins, are structurally related transmembrane proteins that assemble to form invertebrate gap junctions.

Bacterial Leucine Transporter (LeuT) is a bundled twelve alpha helix protein which belongs to the family of transporters that shuttle amino acids in and out of bacterial cells.

Lactose permease is a membrane protein which is a member of the major facilitator superfamily.

Members of the Small Conductance Mechanosensitive Ion Channel (MscS) Family (TC# 1.A.23) provide protection against hypo-osmotic shock in bacteria, responding both to stretching of the cell membrane and to membrane depolarization.

Members of the Solute:Sodium Symporter (SSS) Family (TC# 2.A.21) catalyze solute:Na+ symport.

Sodium/proton antiporters are essential secondary-active transporters for sodium and pH homeostasis.

The Matrix-2 (M2) protein is a proton-selective ion channel protein, integral in the viral envelope of the influenza A virus.

Proteins of the Betaine/Carnitine/Choline Transporter (BCCT) family (TC# 2.A.15) are found in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and archaea.

The translocase of the inner membrane (TIM) is a complex of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane of the mitochondria.

The Formate-Nitrite Transporter (FNT) Family (TC# 1.A.16) is a family of homologous transmembrane proteins belonging to the Major Intrinsic Protein (MIP) Superfamily.

The Nucleobase:Cation Symporter-1 (NCS1) Family (TC# 2.A.39) consists of over 1000 currently sequenced proteins derived from Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, archaea, fungi and plants.

The Nucleobase:Cation Symporter-2 (NCS2) Family, also called the Nucleobase/Ascorbate Transporter (NAT) Family, consists of over 1000 sequenced proteins derived from gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, archaea, fungi, plants and animals.

The Bcl-2 Family (TC# 1.A.21) consists of apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 and its homologues.

In enzymology, an oligosaccharide-transporting ATPase (EC 3.6.3.18) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + H2O + oligosaccharideout ADP + phosphate + oligosaccharidein The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, H2O, and oligosaccharide, whereas its 3 products are ADP, phosphate, and oligosaccharide.

The P-type ATPases, also known as E1-E2 ATPases, are a large group of evolutionarily related ion and lipid pumps that are found in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes.

An organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) is a membrane transport protein or 'transporter' that mediates the transport of mainly organic anions across the cell membrane.

The Amino Acid-Polyamine-Organocation (APC) Family (TC# 2.A.3) of transport proteins includes members that function as solute:cation symporters and solute:solute antiporters.

Members of the Alanine or Glycine:Cation Symporter (AGCS) Family (TC# 2.A.25) transport alanine and/or glycine in symport with Na+ and or H+.

The Nicotinamide Ribonucleoside (NR) Uptake Permease (PnuC) Family (TC# 4.B.1) is a family of transmembrane transporters that is part of the TOG superfamily.

Ca2+ ATPase is a form of P-ATPase that transfers calcium after a muscle has contracted.

Cation diffusion facilitators (CDFs) are integral membrane proteins that increase tolerance to divalent metal ions such as cadmium, zinc, and cobalt.

The Membrane Attack Complex/Perforin (MACPF) superfamily, sometimes referred to as the MACPF/CDC superfamily, is named after a domain that is common to the membrane attack complex (MAC) proteins of the complement system (C6, C7, C8α, C8β and C9) and perforin (PF).

The translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) is a complex of proteins found in the outer mitochondrial membrane of the mitochondria.

Tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic transporters (TRAP transporters) are a large family of solute transporters found in bacteria and archaea, but not in eukaryotes, that appear to be specific for the uptake of organic acids.

Na+/K+-ATPase (sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase, also known as the Na+/K+ pump or sodium-potassium pump) is an enzyme (EC 3.6.3.9) (an electrogenic transmembrane ATPase) found in the plasma membrane of all animal cells.