Flashcards: Transcription factors

The thyroid hormone receptor (TR) is a type of nuclear receptor that is activated by binding thyroid hormone.

Tryptophan repressor (or trp repressor) is a transcription factor involved in controlling amino acid metabolism.

(See also: MODY 1) Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4A) also known as NR2A1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group A, member 1) is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the HNF4A gene.

The androgen receptor (AR), also known as NR3C4 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 4), is a type of nuclear receptor that is activated by binding either of the androgenic hormones, testosterone, or dihydrotestosterone in the cytoplasm and then translocating into the nucleus.

CREB-binding protein, also known as CREBBP or CBP, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CREBBP gene.

In molecular biology and genetics, a transcription factor (sometimes called a sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that binds to specific DNA sequences, thereby controlling the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA.

NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) is a protein complex that controls transcription of DNA, cytokine production and cell survival.

In the field of molecular biology, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of nuclear receptor proteins that function as transcription factors regulating the expression of genes.

The retinoblastoma protein (protein name abbreviated pRb; gene name abbreviated RB or RB1) is a tumor suppressor protein that is dysfunctional in several major cancers.

A homeobox is a DNA sequence, around 180 base pairs long, found within genes that are involved in the regulation of patterns of anatomical development (morphogenesis) in animals, fungi and plants.

CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) is a cellular transcription factor.

Interferon regulatory factors are proteins which regulate transcription of interferons (see regulation of gene expression).

cII or transcriptional activator II is a DNA-binding protein and important transcription factor in the life cycle of lambda phage.

The B3 DNA binding domain (DBD) is a highly conserved domain found exclusively in transcription factors, from higher plants (≥40 species) (Pfam PF02362) combined with other domains (InterPro: IPR003340).

BRN-3 is a group of related transcription factors in the POU family.

LIM domains are protein structural domains, composed of two contiguous zinc finger domains, separated by a two-amino acid residue hydrophobic linker.

The RAR-related orphan receptors (RORs) are members of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors.

In molecular biology, this protein domain represents Tbf5 which stands for TTDA subunit of TFIIH basal transcription factor complex (also known as subunit 5 of RNA polymerase II transcription factor B), and Rex1 a type of nucleotide excision repair (NER) proteins.

The testicular receptor proteins are members of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors.

In proteins, the helix-turn-helix (HTH) is a major structural motif capable of binding DNA.

NPAS1 is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor.

NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2-1), also known as thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1), is a protein which in humans is encoded by the NKX2-1 gene.

Activating Protein 2 (AP-2) is a family of closely related transcription factors which plays a critical role in regulating gene expression during early development.

The family of Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1) ("Chromobox Homolog", CBX) consists of highly conserved proteins, which have important functions in the cell nucleus.

Transcription factor MafG is a bZip Maf transcription factor protein that in humans is encoded by the MAFG gene.

Nuclear respiratory factor 1, also known as Nrf1, Nrf-1, NRF1 and NRF-1, encodes a protein that homodimerizes and functions as a transcription factor which activates the expression of some key metabolic genes regulating cellular growth and nuclear genes required for respiration, heme biosynthesis, and mitochondrial DNA transcription and replication.

The proto-oncogene c-Rel is a protein that in humans is encoded by the REL gene.

Transcription factor MafK is a bZip Maf transcription factor protein that in humans is encoded by the MAFK gene.

Ethylene-responsive element binding protein (EREBP) is a homeobox gene from Arabidopsis thaliana and other plants which encodes a transcription factor.

Oct-2 is an octamer transcription factor which is part of the POU family.

YEASTRACT (Yeast Search for Transcriptional Regulators And Consensus Tracking) is a curated repository of more than 48000 regulatory associations between transcription factors (TF) and target genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, based on more than 1200 bibliographic references.

FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog B, also known as FOSB or FosB, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the FOSB gene.

POU (pronounced 'pow') is a family of proteins that have well-conserved homeodomains.

TRANSFAC (TRANScription FACtor database) is a manually curated database of eukaryotic transcription factors, their genomic binding sites and DNA binding profiles.

The progesterone receptor (PR, also known as NR3C3 or nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 3), is a protein found inside cells.

The TATA-binding protein (TBP) is a general transcription factor that binds specifically to a DNA sequence called the TATA box.

Transcription factor II Human (TFIIH) is one of several general transcription factors that make up the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex.

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are transcription factors that respond to decreases in available oxygen in the cellular environment, or hypoxia.

Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) are transcription factors that bind to the sterol regulatory element DNA sequence TCACNCCAC.

Estrogen receptors (ERs) are a group of proteins found inside and on cells.

Members of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) protein family are intracellular transcription factors that mediate many aspects of cellular immunity, proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation.

TOX high mobility group box family member 2, also known as TOX2, is a human gene.

Transcription factor IIF (TFIIF) is one of several general transcription factors that make up the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex.

Transcription factor TFIIA is a nuclear protein involved in the RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription of DNA.

Pho4 is a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor found in S.

In molecular biology the protein domain Whirly is a transcription factor commonly found in plants.

The retinoic acid receptor (RAR) is a type of nuclear receptor which can also act as a transcription factor that is activated by both all-trans retinoic acid and 9-cis retinoic acid.

Heat shock factor (HSF), in molecular biology, is the name given to transcription factors that regulate the expression of the heat shock proteins.

Hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNFs) are a group of phylogenetically unrelated transcription factors that regulate the transcription of a diverse group of genes into proteins.

Medea is a gene from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster that was one of the first two Smad genes discovered.

HNF4 (Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4) is a nuclear receptor protein mostly expressed in the liver, gut, kidney, and pancreatic beta cells that is critical for liver development.

The Rev-ErbA proteins are members of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors.

The retinoid X receptor (RXR) is a type of nuclear receptor that is activated by 9-cis retinoic acid.

The liver X receptor (LXR) is a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors and is closely related to nuclear receptors such as the PPARs, FXR and RXR.

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) refers to two highly related proteins, STAT5A and STAT5B, which are part of the seven-membered STAT family of proteins.

In the field of molecular biology, nuclear receptors are a class of proteins found within cells that are responsible for sensing steroid and thyroid hormones and certain other molecules.

Transcription factor II E (TFIIE) is one of several general transcription factors that make up the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex.

ERM transcription factor is a transcription factor generated in Sertoli cells, which are found in the testes and play a crucial role in spermatogenesis.

In the field of molecular biology, the ETS (E26 transformation-specific or E-twenty-six) family is one of the largest families of transcription factors and is unique to metazoans.

MCEF or Major Cdk9-interacting elongation factor is a transcription factor related to Af4.

Apetala 2 (AP2) is a gene coding for a member of a large family of transcription factors, the AP2/EREBP family.

The aryl-hydrocarbon receptor repressor also known as AHRR is a human gene.

The chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor (COUP-TFs) proteins are members of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors.

HMGA is a family of high mobility group proteins characterized by an AT-hook.

The scleraxis protein is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) superfamily of transcription factors.