Flashcards: Toxins

Samandarin or Samandarine is the main steroidal alkaloid secreted by the fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra).

Sodium bifluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula NaHF2.

Aconitine is a toxin produced by the Aconitum plant, also known as devil’s helmet or monkshood.

Paracetamol toxicity is caused by excessive use or overdose of the medication paracetamol ( acetaminophen).

Aplysiatoxin is a cyanotoxin produced by certain cyanobacteria species.

Aflatoxins are poisonous and cancer-causing chemicals that are produced by certain molds (Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus) which grow in soil, decaying vegetation, hay, and grains.

Pederin is a vesicant toxic amide with two tetrahydropyran rings, found in the haemolymph of the Paederus genus of beetles, including the Nairobi fly, belonging to the Staphylinidae family.

Cantharidin is an odorless, colorless terpenoid secreted by many species of blister beetles, including broadly in genus Epicauta, and in species Lytta vesicatoria (Spanish fly).

Delta endotoxins (δ-endotoxins, also called Cry and Cyt toxins) are pore-forming toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis species of bacteria.

A toxin-antitoxin system is a set of two or more closely linked genes that together encode both a protein 'poison' and a corresponding 'antidote'.

Toxol is a toxic chemical compound found in Aplopappus heterophyllus and Werneria ciliolata.

Dichloroacetylene (DCA) is an oily pyrophoric liquid chemical compound with the chemical formula C2Cl2.

Cytolethal distending toxins (abbreviated CDTs) are a class of heterotrimeric toxins produced by certain gram-negative bacteria that display DNase activity.

Penochalasin A is a cytotoxic alkaloid produced by Chaetomium globosum.

Sanguinarine is a toxic polycyclic quaternary ammonium salt.

Dinitro-ortho-cresol (DNOC) is an organic compound with the structural formula CH3C6H2(NO2)2OH.

Menthofuran is an organic compound found in a variety of essential oils including that of Pennyroyal.

NAPQI (N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine) is a toxic byproduct produced during the xenobiotic metabolism of the analgesic paracetamol (acetaminophen).

Tremetone is a chemical compound found in tremetol, a toxin mixture from snakeroot (Ageratina altissima) that causes milk sickness in humans and trembles in livestock.

Higenamine (norcoclaurine) is a chemical compound found in a variety of plants including Nandina domestica (fruit), Aconitum carmichaelii (root), Asarum heterotropioides, Galium divaricatum (stem and vine), Annona squamosa, and Nelumbo nucifera (lotus seeds).

RdlD RNA (regulator detected in LDR-D) is a family of small non-coding RNAs which repress the protein LdrD in a type I toxin-antitoxin system.

The TisB-IstR toxin-antitoxin system is the first known toxin-antitoxin system which is induced by the SOS response in response to DNA damage.

Arthropod defensins are a family of insect and scorpion cysteine-rich antibacterial peptides, primarily active against Gram-positive bacteria.

Oxotoxins, or oxytoxins, are a group of neurotoxins present in the venom of lynx spiders belonging to the genus Oxyopes, hence the name oxytoxin.

Euglenophycin is an ichthyotoxic compound isolated from Euglena sanguinea - a protist of the genus Euglena.

Gonyautoxins (GTX) are a few similar toxic molecules that are naturally produced by algae.

Dysidenin is a toxin from the sponge Dysidea herbacea.