Flashcards: Tonal languages

Lao, also referred to as Laotian, (ລາວ 'lao' or ພາສາລາວ 'lao language') is a tonal language of the Tai–Kadai language family.

The Burmese language (မြန်မာဘာသာ, MLCTS: myanma bhasa, [mjəmà bàðà]) is the official language of Myanmar.

Naxi (autonym: IPA: [nɑ˩ɕi˧]), also known as Nakhi, Nasi, Lomi, Moso, Mo-su, is a Sino-Tibetan language or group of languages spoken by some 310,000 people most of whom live in or around Lijiang City Yulong Naxi Autonomous County (Yùlóng Nàxīzú Zìzhìxiàn 玉龍納西族自治縣) of the province of Yunnan, China.

Maasai (Masai) or Maa (English pronunciation: /ˈmɑːsaɪ/; autonym: ɔl Maa) is an Eastern Nilotic language spoken in Southern Kenya and Northern Tanzania by the Maasai people, numbering about 800,000.

The Mossi language (known in the language as Mooré; also Mòoré, Mõõré, Moré, Moshi, Moore, More) is one of two official regional languages of Burkina Faso, closely related to the Frafra language spoken just across the border in the northern half of Ghana and less-closely to Dagbani and Mampruli further south.

Limburgish (Limburgish: Lèmburgs Dutch: Limburgs [ˈlɪmbɵrxs], German: Limburgisch [ˈlɪmbʊʁɡɪʃ], French: Limbourgeois [lɛ̃buʁʒwa]), also called Limburgian or Limburgic, is a group of East Low Franconian varieties spoken in the Limburg and Rhineland regions, along the Dutch–Belgian–German border.

Muong (thiểng Mường) is a group of dialects spoken by the Mường people of Vietnam.

The Kom language, Itaŋikom, is the language spoken by the Kom people of Cameroon.

Ticuna, or Tikuna, is a language spoken by approximately 40,000 people in Brazil, Peru, and Colombia.

The Luo dialect, Dholuo (pronounced [d̪ólúô]) or Nilotic Kavirondo (pejorative Colonial term), is the eponymous dialect of the Luo group of Nilotic languages, spoken by about 6 million Luo people of Kenya and Tanzania, who occupy parts of the eastern shore of Lake Victoria and areas to the south.

Bade (also spelled Bede, Bedde, or Bode) is a West Chadic language spoken by the Bade people in Yobe State and Jigawa State, Nigeria.

The Khoekhoe language /ˈkɔɪkɔɪ/, Khoekhoegowab, also known by the ethnic term Nama /ˈnɑːmə/ and formerly as Hottentot, is the most widespread of those non-Bantu languages of southern Africa that contain "click" sounds and have therefore been loosely classified as Khoisan.

The Mikasuki language (also Miccosukee, Mikisúkî or Hitchiti-Mikasuki) is a Muskogean language spoken by around 500 people in southern Florida.

Yucatec Maya (Yukatek Maya in the revised orthography of the Academia de Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala), called Màaya t'àan (lit. "Maya speech") by its speakers, is a Mayan language spoken in the Yucatán Peninsula and northern Belize.

Tone is the use of pitch in language to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning – that is, to distinguish or to inflect words.

The Bai language (Bai: Baip‧ngvp‧zix; simplified Chinese: 白语; traditional Chinese: 白語; pinyin: Báiyǔ) is a language spoken in China, primarily in Yunnan province, by the Bai people.

Gǁana (pronounced /ˈɡɑːnə/ in English, and also spelled ǁGana, Gxana, Dxana, Xgana) is a Khoe dialect cluster of Botswana.

Old Chinese, also called Archaic Chinese in older works, is the oldest attested stage of Chinese, and the ancestor of all modern varieties of Chinese.

The Huichol language is an indigenous language of Mexico which belongs to the Uto-Aztecan language family.

The Uspanteko (Uspanteco, Uspanteko, Uspantec) is a Mayan language of Guatemala, closely related to K'iche'.

Twi (pronounced [tɕɥi]) or Asante Twi, is spoken by 6–9 million Ashanti people as a first language and second language.

Umbundu, or South Mbundu (autonym úmbúndú), one of two Bantu languages of Angola called Mbundu (see Kimbundu), is the most widely spoken language of Angola.

Nguồn (also Năm Nguyên) is a Vietic language spoken by the Nguồn people in the Trường Sơn mountains in Vietnam's North Central Coast region as well as in nearby regions of Laos.

Chut (Chứt, Cheut) or Ruc-Sach is a dialect cluster spoken by the Chut people of Vietnam, with a smaller population of some 450 speakers in neighbouring Laos (in Khammouane Province).

Haida /ˈhaɪdə/ (X̱aat Kíl, X̱aadas Kíl, X̱aayda Kil, Xaad kil,) is the language of the Haida people, spoken in the Haida Gwaii archipelago of the coast of Canada and on Prince of Wales Island in Alaska.

The Ganda language, Luganda (/luːˈɡændə/, Oluganda [oluɡâːndá]), is the major language of Uganda, spoken by five million Ganda and other people principally in Southern Uganda, including the capital Kampala.

Cherokee (Cherokee: ᏣᎳᎩ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ Tsalagi Gawonihisdi) is an Iroquoian language spoken by the Cherokee people.

Saramaccan (autonym: Saamáka) is a creole language spoken by about 58,000 ethnic African people near the Saramacca and upper Suriname Rivers, as well as in the capital Paramaribo, in Suriname (formerly also known as Dutch Guyana), 25,000 in French Guiana, and 8,000 in the Netherlands.

Hmong (RPA: Hmoob) or Mong (RPA: Moob), known as First Vernacular Chuanqiandian Miao in China (Chinese: 川黔滇苗语第一土语; pinyin: Chuānqiándiān miáo yǔ dì yī tǔyǔ), is a dialect continuum of the West Hmongic branch of the Hmongic languages spoken by the Hmong people of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, northern Vietnam, Thailand, and Laos.

Pirahã (also spelled Pirahá, Pirahán), or Múra-Pirahã, is the indigenous language of the isolated Pirahã people of Amazonas, Brazil.

Sandawe is a click language spoken by about 60,000 Sandawe people in the Dodoma region of Tanzania.

Tsat, also known as Utsat, Utset, Hainan Cham, or Huíhuī (simplified Chinese: 回辉语; traditional Chinese: 回輝語; pinyin: Huíhuīyǔ), is a language spoken by 4,500 people in Yanglan (Chinese: 羊栏) and Huixin (Chinese: 回新), two villages on the outskirts of near Sanya, Hainan, China by the Utsuls.

Major Wu dialects include those of Shanghai, Suzhou, Wuxi, Wenzhou, Ningbo, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Jinhua, and Yongkang.

The Southwestern Tai AKA Thai languages are an established branch of the Tai languages of Southeast Asia.

Lisu (Lisu: ꓡꓲ-ꓢꓴ or ꓡꓲꓢꓴ; Chinese: 傈僳语, translit. lìsùyǔ; Burmese: လီဆူဘာသာစကား, pronounced: [lìsʰù bàðà zəɡá]) is a tonal Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Yunnan (southwestern China), northern Burma (Myanmar), and Thailand and a small part of India.

Paicî is the most widely spoken of the two dozen languages on the main island of New Caledonia.

Miji (autonym: Dmay), also Dhammai or Sajolang, is a cluster of possibly Sino-Tibetan languages in Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India.

Cemuhî (Camuhi, Camuki, Tyamuhi, Wagap) is an Oceanic language spoken on the island of New Caledonia, in the area of Poindimié and Touho.

Mian is an Ok language spoken in the Telefomin district of the Sandaun province in Papua New Guinea by the Mian people.

In phonology, a register or pitch register is a prosodic feature of syllables in certain languages, in which tone, vowel phonation, glottalization, or similar features depend upon each other.

Mor is a tonal Austronesian language in the putative Cenderawasih (Geelvink Bay) of Indonesian Papua.

Bench (Bencnon, Shenon or Mernon, formerly called Gimira ) is a Northern Omotic language of the "Gimojan" subgroup, spoken by about 174,000 people (in 1998) in the Bench Maji Zone of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region, in southern Ethiopia, around the towns of Mizan Teferi and Shewa Gimira.

Ma'ya is an Austronesian language spoken in West Papua by 6,000 people.

Chichewa (a Bantu language of Central Africa, also known as Chewa, Nyanja, or Chinyanja) is the main language spoken in south and central Malawi, and to a lesser extent in Zambia, Mozambique and Zimbabwe.

The Cori (Chori) language is a minor Plateau language spoken in a single village in Kaduna State in Nigeria.

E (simplified Chinese: 诶话; traditional Chinese: 誒話; pinyin: Ē Huà) or Wuse/Wusehua (simplified Chinese: 五色话; traditional Chinese: 五色話; pinyin: Wŭsè Huà; literally: "Colored Language") is a Tai–Chinese mixed language spoken primarily in Rongshui Miao Autonomous County, Guangxi, China.

The Gyeongsang dialects (also spelled Kyŏngsang), or Southeastern Korean, are dialects of the Korean language of the Yeongnam region, which includes North and South Gyeongsang provinces.

Nishi (also known as Nyishi, Nisi, Nishing, Nissi, Nyising, Bangni, Dafla, Daphla, Lel) is a Sino-Tibetan language of the Tani branch spoken in lower Subansiri and East Kameng districts of Arunachal Pradesh and Darrang District of Assam in India.

Iau (Iaw, Yau) or Turu is a Lakes Plain language of West Papua, Indonesia, spoken by about 600 people.

Matbat is a heavily Papuan-influenced Austronesian language spoken in West Papua on the island of Misool, Raja Ampat islands.

Ndrumbea, variously spelled Ndumbea, Dubea, Drubea and Païta, is a New Caledonian language that gave its name to the capital of New Caledonia, Nouméa, and the neighboring town of Dumbéa.

Golin (also Gollum, Gumine) is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.

Numèè (Naa Numee, Naa-Wee), or Kwényi, is a New Caledonian language, the one spoken at the southern tip of the island, as well as on the Isle of Pines offshore.

Bumang (Chinese: 布芒语) is a tonal Austroasiatic language of Yunnan, China.

Caijia (Chinese: 蔡家话) is an endangered Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Guizhou, China.

Kaman (Geman, Geman Deng), or Miju (Miju Mishmi, Midzu), is a small language of India and slightly into China.

Ramree, or Yangbye ("Rambray" in Arakanese)(Burmese: ရမ်းဗြဲဘာသာစကား, Burmese pronunciation: [jáɴbjɛ́ bàðà zəɡá]), is the main dialect spoken in Southern Arakan, especially in Ramree Island region, Arakan State in Burma (Myanmar), and the Awagyun Island and southern coastal regions in Bangladesh.

Southern Qiang is a Sino-Tibetan language of the Qiangic branch spoken by approximately 81,300 people along the Minjiang (岷江) river in Sichuan Province, China.