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Flashcards: The Mole & Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms
Mole
S.I. base unit used to measure the amount of a substance whose number of particles is the same as the number of carbon in exactly 12g of carbon -12.
Avogadro's Number
6.02 x 10^23, the number of atoms or molecules in 1 molecule.
Molar Mass
Mass in grams of 1 molecule of a substance.
Electromagnetic Radiation
Radiation associated with an electric and magnetic field; it varies periodically and travels at light speed.
Electromagnetic Spectrum
All of the frequencies or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation.
Wavelength
Distance from any point on a wave to an identical point on the next wave.
Frequency
Number of cycles or vibrations per unit of time; number of waves produced in a given amount of time.
Photoelectric Effect
Emission of electrons from a material when light shines of certain frequencies shines on the surface of the material.
Quantum
Basic unit of electromagnetic energy; it characterizes the wave properties of electrons.
Photon
Unit of quantum of light; particle of electromagnetic radiation that has zero rest mass and carries a quantum of energy.
Ground State
Lowest energy state of a quantizied system.
Excited State
State in which an atom has more energy that it does at its ground state.
Emission-line Spectrum
Diagram or graph that indicates the degree to which a substance emits radiant energy with respect to wavelength.
Continuous Spectrum
Uninterrupted broad band of all colors (wavelengths) emitted by incandescent solids.
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
Principle that states that determining both the position and velocity of an electron or any other particle simultaneously is impossible.
Quantum Theory
Study of the structure and behavior of the atom and of subatomic particles from the view that all energy comes in tiny, indivisible bundles.
Orbital
Region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons.
Quantum Numbers
Number that specifies certain properties of electrons.
Principle Quantum Number
Quantum number that indicates the energy and orbital of an electron in an atom.
Angular Momentum Quantum Number
Quantum number that indicates the shape of an orbital.
Magnetic Quantum Number
Quantum number that corresponds to the alignment of the angular momentum component with a magnetic field.
Spin Quantum Number
Quantum number that describes the intrinsic angular momentum of a particle.