Flashcards: Stomach

A gastric chief cell (or peptic cell, or gastric zymogenic cell) is a type of cell in the stomach that releases pepsinogen and gastric lipase and is the cell responsible for secretion of chymosin in ruminants.

Parietal cells (also known as oxyntic or delomorphous cells), are the epithelial cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor.

Pepsin is an enzyme that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides (that is, a protease).

Delta cells (δ-cells or D cells) are somatostatin-producing cells.

The pylorus (/paɪˈlɔərəs/ or /pᵻˈlɔərəs/), or pyloric part, connects the stomach to the duodenum.

In anatomy, the G cell is a type of cell in the stomach and duodenum that secretes gastrin.

Enterochromaffin-like cells or ECL cells are a type of neuroendocrine cells found in the gastric glands of the gastric mucosa beneath the epithelium, in particular in the vicinity of parietal cells, that aid in the production of gastric acid via the release of histamine.

The posterior gastric branches of posterior vagal trunk are branches of the posterior vagal trunk which supply the stomach.

The left gastric vein (or coronary vein) carries blood low in oxygen, tributaries derived from both surfaces of the stomach; it runs from right to left along the lesser curvature of the stomach, between the two layers of the lesser omentum, to the esophageal opening of the stomach, where it receives some esophageal veins.

The gastric mucosa is the mucous membrane layer of the stomach which contains the glands and the gastric pits.

The curvatures of the stomach refer to the greater and lesser curvatures.

Enteroendocrine cells are specialized cells of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas with endocrine function.

Foveolar cells or surface mucous cells are mucus-producing cells which cover the inside of the stomach, protecting it from the corrosive nature of gastric acid.

The gastric glands are located in different regions of the stomach.

The gastric lymph nodes consist of two sets, superior and inferior.

The left gastroepiploic vein (left gastro-omental vein) receives branches from the antero-superior and postero-inferior surfaces of the stomach and from the greater omentum; it runs from right to left along the greater curvature of the stomach and ends in the commencement of the splenic vein.

The right gastric artery (pyloric artery) arises above the pylorus from the proper hepatic artery or less frequently from the common hepatic artery, descends to the pyloric end of the stomach, and passes from right to left along its lesser curvature, supplying it with branches, and anastomosing with the left gastric artery.

In anatomy, the gastroduodenal artery is a small blood vessel in the abdomen.

The right gastroepiploic artery (or right gastro-omental artery) is one of the two terminal branches of the gastroduodenal artery.

The left gastroepiploic artery (or left gastro-omental artery), the largest branch of the splenic artery, runs from left to right about a finger’s breadth or more from the greater curvature of the stomach, between the layers of the greater omentum, and anastomoses with the right gastroepiploic (a branch of the right gastro-duodenal artery originating from the hepatic branch of the Coeliac trunk).

The short gastric arteries consist of from five to seven small branches, which arise from the end of the splenic artery, and from its terminal divisions.

Gastric pits are indentations in the stomach which denote entrances to the tubular shaped gastric glands.

The right gastric vein (pyloric vein) drains blood from the lesser curvature of the stomach into the hepatic portal vein.

The right gastroepiploic vein (right gastroomental vein) is a blood vessel that drains blood from the greater curvature and left part of the body of the stomach into the superior mesenteric vein.

The anterior gastric branches of anterior vagal trunk are branches of the anterior vagal trunk which supply the stomach.

Hydrochloric acid is a colorless, highly pungent solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl) in water.

Chronic gastritis is a chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa.

The right margin of the oesophagus is continuous with the lesser curvature of the stomach, while the left margin joins the greater curvature at an acute angle, termed the cardiac notch (or cardial notch).

In human anatomy, the left gastric artery arises from the celiac artery and runs along the superior portion of the lesser curvature of the stomach.