Flashcards: Sodium channel blockers

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin.

Ajmaline (also known by trade names Gilurytmal, Ritmos, and Aritmina) is an alkaloid that is class Ia antiarrhythmic agent.

Lidocaine, also known as xylocaine and lignocaine, is a medication used to numb tissue in a specific area and to treat ventricular tachycardia.

Safinamide (INN; brand name Xadago) is a drug indicated for the treatment of Parkinson's disease with monoamine oxidase B inhibiting and other methods of action.

Topiramate (brand name Topamax) is an anticonvulsant (antiepilepsy) drug.

Lorazepam, sold under the brand name Ativan among others, is a benzodiazepine medication.

Quinidine is a pharmaceutical agent that acts as a class I antiarrhythmic agent (Ia) in the heart.

Saxitoxin (STX) is a potent neurotoxin and the best-known paralytic shellfish toxin (PST).

Procainamide is a medication of the antiarrhythmic class used for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.

Pethidine, also known as meperidine and Demerol, is a synthetic opioid pain medication of the phenylpiperidine class.

Primidone (INN, BAN, USP) is an anticonvulsant of the barbiturate class.

Propafenone (/proʊˈpæfᵻnoʊn/ proh-PAF-i-nohn; brand name Rythmol SR or Rytmonorm) is a class 1C anti-arrhythmic medication, which treats illnesses associated with rapid heart beats such as atrial and ventricular arrhythmias.

Nefopam (brand names: Acupan, Silentan, Nefadol and Ajan) is a centrally-acting non-opioid analgesic drug of the benzoxazocine chemical class which was developed by Riker Laboratories in the 1960s.

Amitriptyline, sold under the brand name Elavil among others, is a medicine used to treat a number of mental illnesses.

Prajmaline (Neo-gilurythmal) is a class Ia antiarrhythmic agent which has been available since the 1970s.

Moracizine (INN) or moricizine (USAN) (trade name Ethmozine) is an antiarrhythmic of class IC.

Ranolazine, sold under the trade name Ranexa by Gilead Sciences, is a drug to treat angina that was first approved in 2006.

PF-05089771 is a selective, small-molecule Nav1.

Raxatrigine (INN, USAN) (formerly CNV1014802, GSK-1014802) is a novel analgesic under development by Convergence Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of lumbosacral radiculopathy (sciatica) and trigeminal neuralgia (TGN).

Funapide (INN) (former developmental code names TV-45070 and XEN402) is a novel analgesic under development by Xenon Pharmaceuticals in partnership with Teva Pharmaceutical Industries for the treatment of a variety of chronic pain conditions, including osteoarthritis, neuropathic pain, postherpetic neuralgia, and erythromelalgia, as well as dental pain.

Kavain is the main kavalactone found mostly in the roots of the kava plant.

Butidrine (INN) (brand names Betabloc, Butidrate, Recetan), or butedrine or butydrine, also known as hydrobutamine or idrobutamine, is a beta blocker related to pronethalol and propranolol that was developed in the 1960s.

Norpropoxyphene is a major metabolite of the opioid analgesic drug dextropropoxyphene, and is responsible for many of the side effects associated with use of this drug, especially the unusual toxicity seen during dextropropoxyphene overdose.

Ralfinamide (INN) (code names NW-1029, FCE-26742A, PNU-0154339E) is a multimodal drug which is under investigation by Newron Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of neuropathic pain and other pain conditions such as post-operative dental pain.

Evenamide (INN) (developmental code names NW-3509, NW-3509A) is a selective voltage-gated sodium channel blocker, including (and not limited to) subtypes Nav1.

Irampanel (INN, code name BIIR-561) is a drug which acts as a dual noncompetitive antagonist of the AMPA receptor and neuronal voltage-gated sodium channel blocker.

Zonisamide is a sulfonamide anticonvulsant approved for use as an adjunctive therapy in adults with partial-onset seizures; infantile spasm, mixed seizure types of Lennox–Gastaut syndrome, myoclonic, and generalized tonic clonic seizure.

Aprindine is a Class 1b antiarrhythmic agent.

Buprenorphine is a semisynthetic opioid derivative of thebaine.

Rufinamide is an anticonvulsant medication.

Phenytoin, sold under the brand name Dilantin among others, is an anti-seizure medication.

Sparteine is a class 1a antiarrhythmic agent; a sodium channel blocker.

Amiloride, trade name Midamor, is a potassium-sparing diuretic first approved for use in 1967 (then known as MK-870).

Ethacizine (ethacyzine) is a class Ic antiarrhythmic agent, related to moracizine.

Ketamine, sold under the brand name Ketalar among others, is a medication mainly used for starting and maintaining anesthesia.

Tolperisone, a piperidine derivative, is a centrally acting muscle relaxant.

Ketocaine (INN) (brand name Vericaina, former developmental code name Astra 2358 or A-2358) is an amino ether local anesthetic of the butyrophenone family used topically for pain relief which is marketed in Italy.

Orphenadrine (sold under many brand names worldwide) is an anticholinergic drug of the ethanolamine antihistamine class; it is closely related to diphenhydramine.

Methysticin is one of the six major kavalactones found in the kava plant.

Lacosamide (INN, formerly known as erlosamide, harkeroside, SPM 927, or ADD 234037) is a medication discovered by Dr.

Mexiletine (INN) (sold under the trade name Mexitil) is a non-selective voltage-gated sodium channel blocker which belongs to the Class IB anti-arrhythmic group of medicines.

Flecainide acetate (/flɛˈkeɪnaɪd/ US dict: fle·kā′·nīd) is a class Ic antiarrhythmic agent used to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmias (abnormal fast rhythms of the heart).

Propranolol is a medication of the beta blocker type.

Disopyramide (INN, trade names Norpace and Rythmodan) is an antiarrhythmic medication used in the treatment of ventricular tachycardia.

Encainide (trade name Enkaid) is a class Ic antiarrhythmic agent.

Lorcainide (Lorcainide hydrochloride) is a Class 1c antiarrhythmic agent that is used to help restore normal heart rhythm and conduction in patients with premature ventricular contractions, ventricular tachycardiac [7] and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

Lorajmine (17-monochloroacetylajmaline) is a drug that is a potent sodium channel blocker (more specifically, a class Ia antiarrhythmic agent) that was used for treating arrhythmia.

Bupropion/zonisamide (planned trade name Empatic) is an experimental drug combination for the treatment of obesity.

Coronaridine, also known as 18-carbomethoxyibogamine, is an alkaloid found in Tabernanthe iboga and related species,including Tabernaemontana divaricata for which (under the now obsolete synonym Ervatamia coronaria) it was named.

Neosaxitoxin (NSTX) is included, as other saxitoxin-analogs, in a broad group of natural neurotoxic alkaloids, commonly known as the paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs).