Flashcards: Social philosophy

Anomie (/ˈænəˌmi/) is a "condition in which society provides little moral guidance to individuals".

The Golden Rule or law of reciprocity is the principle of treating others as one would wish to be treated oneself.

The invisible hand is a term used by Adam Smith to describe the unintended social benefits of individual actions.

Social constructionism or the social construction of reality (also social concept) is a theory of knowledge in sociology and communication theory that examines the development of jointly constructed understandings of the world that form the basis for shared assumptions about reality.

A dystopia (from the Greek δυσ- and τόπος, alternatively, cacotopia, kakotopia, or simply anti-utopia) is a community or society that is undesirable or frightening.

Jurisprudence is the science, study, and theory of law.

Meritocracy (merit, from Latin mereō "I earn" and -cracy, from Ancient Greek κράτος kratos "strength, power") is a political philosophy holding that power should be vested in individuals almost exclusively based on ability and talent.

Philosophy of law is a branch of philosophy and jurisprudence that seeks to answer basic questions about law and legal systems, such as "What is law?", "What are the criteria for legal validity?", "What is the relationship between law and morality?", and many other similar questions.

Semantics (from Ancient Greek: σημαντικός sēmantikos, "significant") is primarily the linguistic, and also philosophical study of meaning—in language, programming languages, formal logics, and semiotics.

The Three Principles of the People, also translated as Three People's Principles, San-min Doctrine, or Tridemism is a political philosophy developed by Sun Yat-sen as part of a philosophy to make China a free, prosperous, and powerful nation.

Social alienation, a sociological concept developed by several classical and contemporary theorists, is "a condition in social relationships reflected by a low degree of integration or common values and a high degree of distance or isolation between individuals, or between an individual and a group of people in a community or work environment".

Social philosophy is the study of questions about social behavior and interpretations of society and social institutions in terms of ethical values rather than empirical relations.

Collective consciousness or collective conscious (French: conscience collective) is the set of shared beliefs, ideas and moral attitudes which operate as a unifying force within society.

Postcolonialism or postcolonial studies is an academic discipline that analyzes, explains, and responds to the cultural legacy of colonialism and imperialism.

Cosmopolitanism is the ideology that all human beings belong to a single community, based on a shared morality.

Marxist philosophy or Marxist theory are works in philosophy that are strongly influenced by Karl Marx's materialist approach to theory, or works written by Marxists.

A Punishment is meted out by the Authority as an imposition of an undesirable or unpleasant outcome upon a group or individual, in response and deterrent to a particular action or behaviour that is deemed unacceptable, threatening to some norm and/or breaks the rules or laws by which the social group is governed.

Tabula rasa (/ˈtæbjələ ˈrɑːsə, -zə, ˈreɪ-/) refers to the epistemological idea that individuals are born without built-in mental content and that therefore all knowledge comes from experience or perception.

The Will, generally, is that faculty of the mind which selects, at the moment of decision, the strongest desire from among the various desires present.

Eurocentrism (also "Western-centrism") is political term coined in the 1980s, referring to the notion of European exceptionalism, a worldview centered on Western civilization, as it had developed during the height of the European colonial empires since the Early Modern period.

Societal attitudes toward homosexuality vary greatly in different cultures and different historical periods, as do attitudes toward sexual desire, activity and relationships in general.

The term "present age" is a concept in the philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard.

Articles in social and political philosophy include:(See also: List of social and political philosophers)

Historicism is a mode of thinking that assigns major significance to a specific context, such as historical period, geographical place, and local culture.

The voluntary sector or community sector (also non-profit sector or "not-for-profit" sector) is the duty of social activity undertaken by organizations that are not-for-profit and non-governmental.

Effective altruism (also referred to as EA) is a philosophy and social movement that applies evidence and reason to determining the most effective ways to improve the world.

The field of social medicine seeks to: 1.

The positivism dispute (German: Positivismusstreit) was a political-philosophical dispute between the critical rationalists (Karl Popper, Hans Albert) and the Frankfurt School (Theodor Adorno, Jürgen Habermas) in 1961, about the methodology of the social sciences.

Production for use is a phrase referring to the principle of economic organization and production taken as a defining criterion for a socialist economy.

Social exclusion, or social marginalization, is the social disadvantage and relegation to the fringe of society.

Constitutional patriotism (Verfassungspatriotismus) is the idea that people should form a political attachment to the norms and values of a pluralistic liberal democratic constitution rather than a national culture or cosmopolitan society.

Throughout modern history, a variety of influential perspectives on capitalism have shaped modern economic thought.

Criticism of capitalism ranges from expressing disagreement with the principles of capitalism in its entirety, to expressing disagreement with particular outcomes of capitalism.

Authority is the legitimate or socially approved use of power.