How does Salmonella manipulate the host?
induce delayed apoptosis dependent on SPI-2 function in macrophages from a variety of sources.
- requires activation of TLR4 on macrophages by the bacterial LPS
How does bacteria induce apoptosis?
The secretion of protein synthesis inhibitors and pore-forming proteins. They can also activate apoptotic proteins
-caspases
-inactivate anti-apoptotic proteins,
-Lead to upregulation of the endogenous receptor/ligand system
How does Yersinia spp. induce apoptosis?
By suppressing the signaling pathways that lead to the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α.
- cytokine essential for the control of this infection
what are the two virulence factors of Salmonella?
the two T3SSs and the flagella
what is the function of SPI-1 in salmonella?
SPI-1 promotes Salmonella invasion into epithelial cells
-interaction between Salmonella and host cells
-The T3SS is assembled from the proteins encoded by SPI-1
What is the principle role of SPI-2?
Facilitate the replication of intracellular bacteria within membrane-bound Salmonella-containing vacuoles (SCVs).
The virulence factor of Salmonella lead to:
The production of toxins (LPS) endotoxin, enterotoxin, cytotoxin), colonization, adhesion, and invasion, as well as survival inside the host cells
Virulence factors in Salmonella Typhi are involved in the various stages of infection, namely:
The production of toxins (LPS) endotoxin, enterotoxin, cytotoxin), colonization, adhesion and invasion, as well as survival inside the host cells
Sops
Sops induces phagocytosis
difference between Salmonella and Yersinia in the host cell
Salmonella wants to replicate and leave cells to infect other cells and Yersinia what to stay in host cell replicate.
SPI14
Encode T1SS in the invasion of polarized cells by Salmonella
channel to the plasma membrane and use ATP
purpose to get Sii1 to attach to the host and infect the disease
Binds to epithelial cells