Flashcards: Russian inventions

The Fedorov Avtomat (also anglicized as Federov, Russian: Автомат Фёдорова) was an automatic rifle, designed by Vladimir Grigoryevich Fyodorov in 1915 and produced in the Russian Empire and later in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.

The Tsar Tank (Russian: Царь-танк), also known as the Netopyr' (Нетопырь) which stands for Pipistrellus (a genus of bat) or Lebedenko Tank (танк Лебеденко), was an unusual Russian armoured vehicle developed by Nikolai Lebedenko (Николай Лебеденко), Nikolai Zhukovsky (Николай Жуковский), Boris Stechkin (Борис Стечкин), and Alexander Mikulin (Александр Микулин) from 1914 onwards.

Electrotyping (also galvanoplasty) is a chemical method for forming metal parts that exactly reproduce a model.

An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) or electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is a method for studying materials with unpaired electrons.

A parachute is a device used to slow the motion of an object through an atmosphere by creating drag (or in the case of ram-air parachutes, aerodynamic lift).

Powdered milk or dried milk is a manufactured dairy product made by evaporating milk to dryness.

In radio communications, a radio receiver (commonly also called a radio) is an electronic device that receives radio waves and converts the information carried by them to a usable form.

Saccharin is an artificial sweetener with effectively no food energy which is about 300–400 times as sweet as sucrose or table sugar, but has a bitter or metallic aftertaste, especially at high concentrations.

A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell (in very early days also termed "solar battery" – a denotation which nowadays has a totally different meaning, see here), is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect, which is a physical and chemical phenomenon.

Vodka (Polish: wódka [ˈvutka], Russian: водка [ˈvotkə]) is a distilled beverage composed primarily of water and ethanol, sometimes with traces of impurities and flavorings.

Tsar Bomba (Russian: Царь-бомба; "Tsar-bomb") was the Western nickname for the Soviet RDS-220 hydrogen bomb (code name Vanya), the most powerful nuclear weapon ever detonated.

Aviation Thermobaric Bomb of Increased Power (ATBIP) Russian: Авиационная вакуумная бомба повышенной мощности (АВБПМ), nicknamed "Father of All Bombs" (FOAB) Russian: "Отец всех бомб" ("Овб"), is a Russian-designed, bomber-delivered thermobaric weapon.

A Cherenkov (Черенко́в) detector is a particle detector using the speed threshold for light production, the speed-dependent light output or the velocity-dependent light direction of Cherenkov radiation.

Thin-shell structures are also called plate and shell structures.

Bromantane (brand name Ladasten, also known in Russia as adamantylbromphenylamine) is an atypical psychostimulant and anxiolytic drug of the adamantane family that is used in Russia in the treatment of neurasthenia.

Phenylpiracetam (INN: fonturacetam, brand names Phenotropil, Carphedon), also called is a phenylated analog of the drug piracetam which was developed in 1983 in Russia where it is available as a prescription drug.

A fast neutron reactor or simply a fast reactor is a category of nuclear reactor in which the fission chain reaction is sustained by fast neutrons.

An electrical telegraph is a telegraph that uses electrical signals, usually conveyed via dedicated telecommunication lines or radio.

The ASM-DT is a Russian folding-stock underwater firearm.

The AK-630 is a Soviet and Russian fully automatic naval close-in weapon system based on a six-barreled 30 mm rotary cannon.

An airliner is a type of aircraft for transporting passengers and air cargo.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an organic synthetic compound with the chemical formula (CH3)2C(C6H4OH)2 belonging to the group of diphenylmethane derivatives and bisphenols, with two hydroxyphenyl groups.

An oil well is a boring in the Earth that is designed to bring petroleum oil hydrocarbons to the surface.

A radiosonde is a battery-powered telemetry instrument package carried into the atmosphere usually by a weather balloon that measures various atmospheric parameters and transmits them by radio to a ground receiver.

A railway gun, also called a railroad gun, is a large artillery piece, often surplus naval artillery, mounted on, transported by, and fired from a specially designed railway wagon.

The theremin (/ˈθɛrəmɪn/ THERR-ə-min; originally known as the ætherphone/etherphone, thereminophone or termenvox/thereminvox) is an early electronic musical instrument controlled without physical contact by the thereminist (performer).

Arc welding is a type of welding that uses a welding power supply to create an electric arc between an electrode and the base material to melt the metals at the welding point.

A rover (or sometimes planetary rover) is a space exploration vehicle designed to move across the surface of a planet or other celestial body.

A samovar (Russian: самовар, IPA: [səmɐˈvar] ; literally "self-boil", Azerbaijani: samovar, Turkish: semaver) is a heated metal container traditionally used to heat and boil water in and around Russia as well as in other countries: in Central Europe, South-Eastern Europe , the Eastern Europe, Kashmir and the Middle-East.

The armored cruiser was a type of warship of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

A lander is a spacecraft which descends toward and comes to rest on the surface of an astronomical body.

Decimalisation is the process of converting a currency from its previous non-decimal denominations to a decimal system, i.

A drogue parachute is a parachute designed to be deployed from a rapidly moving object in order to slow the object, to provide control and stability, or as a pilot parachute to deploy a larger parachute.

The domra (Russian: домра) is a long-necked Russian string instrument of the lute family with a round body and three or four metal strings.

The Vezdekhod (Russian: Вездеход) was the first true tank to be developed by Imperial Russia.

Gramicidin S or Gramicidin Soviet is an antibiotic effective against some Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria as well as some fungi.

Hovercraft tank, or, officially, the amphibious hovering tank (Russian: Земноводный подлетающий танк) was developed at Moscow aircraft plant #84 in the USSR in 1937 by a group of engineers led by professor Vladimir Israilevich Levkov.

Radiators are heat exchangers used to transfer thermal energy from one medium to another for the purpose of cooling and heating.

Dianin's compound (4-p-hydroxyphenyl-2,2,4-trimethylchroman) was invented by Aleksandr Dianin in 1914.

Missile defense systems are a type of missile defense intended to shield a country against incoming missiles, such as intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBMs) or other ballistic missiles.