invented Portland cement by burning finely ground chalk and clay until the carbon dioxide was removed
Joseph Aspdin
the first person to use
reinforced concrete by using iron bars and wire mesh to reinforced concrete boats
Jean-Louis Lambot
A French gardener who first invented reinforced concrete in the year 1849
Joseph Monier
used iron bars and wire ropes to reinforce the concrete floors of a two –story
cottage he constructed
William B. Wilkinson
a 19th century French industrialist who use iron reinforced concrete in construction on a widespread scale.
Francois Coignet
designed the
first arch bridge using reinforced concrete, in Solt, Hungary.
Gyozo Mihailich
in United States, placed the first concrete street in Bellefontaine
George Bartholomew
designed the Unity Temple to use four massive, identical concrete walls so that the expansive
formwork could be repeated multiple times.
Frank Lloyd Wright
developed the pre –
stressed concrete, a method of concrete construction using cables called pre – stressed tendon
Eugene Freysiinet
is a mixture of sand, gravel or crushed rock, and other aggregates held
together in a rock – like mass with a paste of cement and water
Concrete
is a
structural material composed of concrete reinforced with steel bars.
Reinforced concrete
when concrete compressive stress reaches the allowable.
Crushing of concrete
when steel tensile stress reaches the allowable.
Yielding of steel
when concrete compressive
stress reaches the allowable, and steel tensile stress reaches the allowable.
Simultaneous crushing of concrete and yielding of steel
given the load, solve for the size and reinforcement
Design
given the size and reinforcement, compute the load.
Investigation
failure is due to yielding of steel.
Under – reinforced
failure is due to crushing of concrete.
Over – reinforced
failure is due to simultaneous crushing of concrete and yielding of steel.
Balanced design
Criteria for design
1. Safety
2. Economy
3. Practicability/Aesthetics