Suprahyoid muscles (lift the hyoid up)
omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid muscles
longitudinal pharyngeal muscles
- condense and expand the pharynx
- elevate the pharynx and larynx during swallowing
- stylopharyngus, salpalingopharyngus, palatopharyngus
superior, medial, inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles
- constrict the pharynx
- help move bolus to the upper esophageal sphincter
- innervated by CN X
What nerve is the cricopharyngus muscle innervated by?
- recurrent laryngeal nerve
Genioglossus
- have anterior and posterior muscle fibers
- bulk of the tongue tissue
- largest and strongest
- protrudes and retracts tongue
- depresses the tongue body
- creates groove in the middle for holding water
palatoglossus
- pulls the velum down
- elevates the posterior portion of the tongue
- can do both at the same time
intrinsic muscles of the tongue
- superior longitudinal
- inferior longitudinal
- transverse longitudinal
- vertical longitudinal
superior longitudinal tongue muscles
- shorten and upwards
inferior longitudinal tongue muscles
- shortens and moved the tongue tip down
- moves the tongue side to side
transverse tongue muscles
- makes tongue longer and more narrow
vertical tongue muscles
- flatten the tongue
extrinsic muscles of the tongue
- genioglossus (means chin & tongue)
- styloglossus (means styloid process & tongue)
- hyoglossus (means hyoid bone & tongue)
- palatoglossus (means velum & tongue)
styloglossus
- anatogonist of genioglossus
- retracts the tongue towards pharynx for transport of bolus during swallowing
hyoglossus
- lowers tongue
- pulls at the side of the tongue to pull the tongue back
Which cranial nerves are involved in speech production?
V, VII, IX, X, XI, XII
What does the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve do?
provides motor innervation to muscles of the inferior pharynx and to one intrinsic laryngeal muscle - the cricothyroid
What does the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve do?
provides sensory information from the larynx above the vocal cords and from the base of tongue and the epiglottis
Opthalamic nerve
- sends nerve impulses from the upper part of the face to the brain
- related to the eye (upper eyelid & forehead)
Maxillary nerve
- sensations in the middle part of your face
- upper jaw, cheeks, nose, lower eyelids, upper lips, and gums
Mandibular nerve
- sensation in the lower part of your face
- lower jaw, lower lip, gum
- motor function (bite, chew, and swallow)