Flashcards: Population

Mortality rate, or death rate, is a measure of the number of deaths (in general, or due to a specific cause) in a particular population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit of time.

Family planning, simply put, is the practice of controlling the number of children in a family and the intervals between their births, particularly by means of artificial contraception or voluntary sterilization.

Infanticide (or infant homicide) is the intentional killing of infants or children.

Demographic transition (DT) refers to the transition from high birth and death rates to lower birth and death rates as a country or region develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system.

A refugee, generally speaking, is a displaced person who has been forced to cross national boundaries and who cannot return home safely (for more detail see legal definition).

In actuarial science and demography, a life table (also called a mortality table or actuarial table) is a table which shows, for each age, what the probability is that a person of that age will die before his or her next birthday ("probability of death").

(This article is about scarcity of food. For other uses, see Famine (disambiguation).) A famine is a widespread scarcity of food, caused by several factors including crop failure, population imbalance, or government policies.

The birth rate (technically, births/population rate) is the total number of live births per 1,000 of a population in a year.

Geographic mobility is the measure of how populations move over time.

Ageing population is a phenomenon that occurs when the median age of a country or region increases due to rising life expectancy and/or declining fertility rates.

7 Billion Actions is a worldwide campaign established by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) in 2011 to commemorate the world population milestone of 7 billion people.

International Migrants Day is an international day observed on 18 December as International Migrants Day appointed by the General Assembly of United Nations on 4 December 2000 taking into account the large and increasing number of migrants in the world.

Population decline can refer to the decline in population of any organism, but this article refers to population decline in humans.

The total fertility rate (TFR), sometimes also called the fertility rate, absolute /potential natality, period total fertility rate (PTFR) or total period fertility rate (TPFR) of a population is the average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime if: 1.

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.

Infant mortality refers to deaths of young children, typically those less than one year of age.

Population geography is a division of human geography.

The book An Essay on the Principle of Population was first published anonymously in 1798, but the author was soon identified as Thomas Robert Malthus.

World Population day is an annual event, observed on July 11 every year, which seeks to raise awareness of global population issues.

Emigration is the act of leaving one's resident country with the intent to settle elsewhere.

A population pyramid, also called an age pyramid or age picture is a graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population (typically that of a country or region of the world), which forms the shape of a pyramid when the population is growing.

A population is a summation of all the organisms of the same group or species, which live in a particular geographical area, and have the capability of interbreeding.

Adherents.com says "Sizes shown are approximate estimates, and are here mainly for the purpose of ordering the groups, not providing a definitive number".

Established in 1966, the Population Research Laboratory is a centre for social science research at the University of Alberta in Edmonton.

A two-child policy is a government-imposed limit of two children allowed per family or the payment of government subsidies only to the first two children.

The Population Association of America (PAA) is a non-profit scientific professional association dedicated to the study of issues related to population and demography.

In biology, population growth is the increase in the number of individuals in a population.

The term "missing women" indicates a shortfall in the number of women relative to the expected number of women in a region or country.

Overconsumption is a situation where resource use has outpaced the sustainable capacity of the ecosystem.

A logistic function or logistic curve is a common "S" shape (sigmoid curve), with equation: where * e = the natural logarithm base (also known as Euler's number), * x0 = the x-value of the sigmoid's midpoint, * L = the curve's maximum value, and * k = the steepness of the curve.

Population transfer or resettlement is the movement of a large group of people from one region to another, often a form of forced migration imposed by state policy or international authority and most frequently on the basis of ethnicity or religion but also due to economic development.

In animals, infanticide involves the killing of young offspring by a mature animal of its own species, and is studied in zoology, specifically in the field of ethology.

The Vienna Institute of Demography (VID) (until 2002: Institut für Demographie/IfD) is a research institute of the division for humanities and social sciences within the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) and part of the three "pillar institutions" of the Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital.

The world's energy resources can be divided into fossil fuel, nuclear fuel and renewable resources.

In the United States, black genocide is a conspiracy theory which holds that African Americans are the victims of genocide instituted by white Americans.

The effects of genocide on youth include psychological and demographic effects that affect the transition into adulthood.

From Population Control to Reproductive Health: Malthusian Arithmetic is a book by Mohan Rao.

Christian population growth is the population growth of the global Christian community.

Bacterial growth is the asexual reproduction, or cell division, of a bacterium into two daughter cells, in a process called binary fission.

In the study of human settlements, an urban agglomeration is an extended city or town area comprising the built-up area of a central place (usually a municipality) and any suburbs linked by continuous urban area.

This article delineates the issue of immigration in different countries.

Early human migrations began with the movement of Homo erectus out of Africa across Eurasia about a million years ago.

Historical demography is the quantitative study of human population in the past.

An arbitrarily selected baby born in a region on the date on which an official demographic authority has predicted the population of the region will pass a milestone figure of N may be symbolically recognised as the region's Nth person.

Gendercide is the systematic killing of members of a specific sex.

The Commission on Population and Development is one of the ten Functional Commissions of the United Nations Economic and Social Council.

The demographics of sexual orientation are difficult to establish for a variety of reasons.

Sub-replacement fertility is a total fertility rate (TFR) that (if sustained) leads to each new generation being less populous than the older, previous one in a given area.