Flashcards: Political philosophy

The Society of the Friends of Truth (Amis de la Verité), also known as the Social Club, was a French revolutionary organization founded in 1790.

State socialism is a classification for any socialist political and economic perspective advocating state ownership of the means of production either as a temporary measure in the transition from capitalism to socialism, or as characteristic of socialism itself.

Agorism is a libertarian social philosophy that advocates creating a society in which all relations between people are voluntary exchanges by means of counter-economics, thus engaging with aspects of peaceful revolution.

Social constructionism or the social construction of reality (also social concept) is a theory of knowledge in sociology and communication theory that examines the development of jointly constructed understandings of the world that form the basis for shared assumptions about reality.

Meritocracy (merit, from Latin mereō "I earn" and -cracy, from Ancient Greek κράτος kratos "strength, power") is a political philosophy holding that power should be vested in individuals almost exclusively based on ability and talent.

Objectivity is a central philosophical concept, related to reality and truth, which has been variously defined by sources.

The Seventeen-article constitution (十七条憲法 jūshichijō kenpō) is, according to the Nihon Shoki of 720, a document authored by Prince Shōtoku in 604.

(Not to be confused with Third Position.)(This article is about the political philosophy. For other uses, see Third Way (disambiguation).) In politics, the Third Way is a position akin to centrism that tries to reconcile right-wing and left-wing politics by advocating a varying synthesis of right-wing economic and left-wing social policies.

Secularization is the transformation of a society from close identification with religious values and institutions toward nonreligious values and secular institutions.

Collective consciousness or collective conscious (French: conscience collective) is the set of shared beliefs, ideas and moral attitudes which operate as a unifying force within society.

The word authority (derived from the Latin word auctoritas) can be used to mean the right to exercise power given by the State (in the form of government, judges, police officers, etc.), or by academic knowledge of an area (someone that can be an authority on a subject).

Cosmopolitanism is the ideology that all human beings belong to a single community, based on a shared morality.

Hate speech, outside the law, is speech that attacks a person or group on the basis of attributes such as gender, ethnic origin, religion, race, disability, or sexual orientation.

Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire") is the idea that systems (physical, biological, chemical, social, economic, mental, linguistic, etc.) and their properties should be viewed as wholes, not as collections of parts.

Marxist philosophy or Marxist theory are works in philosophy that are strongly influenced by Karl Marx's materialist approach to theory, or works written by Marxists.

Totalitarianism is a political system in which the state recognizes no limits to its authority and strives to regulate every aspect of public and private life wherever feasible.

Subsidiarity is a principle of social organization that originated in the Roman Catholic Church.

Redistribution of income and redistribution of wealth are respectively the transfer of income and of wealth (including physical property) from some individuals to others by means of a social mechanism such as taxation, charity, welfare, public services, land reform, monetary policies, confiscation, divorce or tort law.

Obstructionism is the practice of deliberately delaying or preventing a process or change, especially in politics.

Deference (also called submission or passivity) is the condition of submitting to the espoused, legitimate influence of one's superior or superiors.

Communalism (spelled with a capital C to differentiate it from other forms) is a libertarian socialist political philosophy coined by author and activist Murray Bookchin as a political system to complement his environmental philosophy of social ecology.

The philosophy of human rights attempts to examine the underlying basis of the concept of human rights and critically looks at its content and justification.

Liberal socialism is a socialist political philosophy that includes liberal principles within it.

The term "present age" is a concept in the philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard.

Joseph Priestley (13 March 1733 (old style) – 8 February 1804) was a British natural philosopher, political theorist, clergyman, theologian, and educator.

Articles in social and political philosophy include:(See also: List of social and political philosophers)

Governance refers to "all of processes of governing, whether undertaken by a government, market or network, whether over a family, tribe, formal or informal organization or territory and whether through the laws, norms, power or language.

Civic nationalism, also known as liberal nationalism, is a kind of nationalism identified by political philosophers who believe in a non-xenophobic form of nationalism compatible with values of freedom, tolerance, equality, and individual rights.

Non-simultaneity or nonsynchronism (German: Ungleichzeitigkeit, sometimes also translated as non-synchronicity) is a concept in the writings of Ernst Bloch which denotes the time lag, or uneven temporal development, produced in the social sphere by the processes of capitalist modernization and/or the incomplete nature of those processes.

Global justice is an issue in political philosophy arising from the concern that the world at large is unjust.

Cooperative federalism (1930s-1970s) is a concept of federalism in which national, state, and local governments interact cooperatively and collectively to solve common problems, rather than making policies separately but more or less equally (such as the dual federalism of the 19th century United States) or clashing over a policy in a system dominated by the national government.

Wildness, in its literal sense, is the quality of being wild or untamed.

Political theology investigates the ways in which theological concepts or ways of thinking relate to politics, society, and economics.

Social exclusion, or social marginalization, is the social disadvantage and relegation to the fringe of society.

The New Man is a utopian concept that involves the creation of a new ideal human being or citizen replacing un-ideal human beings or citizens.

Biopower (or biopouvoir in French) is a term coined by French scholar, historian, and social theorist Michel Foucault.

Disability studies is an academic discipline that examines the meaning, nature, and consequences of disability as a social construct.

Communitas Perfecta ("Perfect Community") or Societas Perfecta ("Perfect Society") is the Latin name given to one of several ecclesiological, canonical, and political theories of the Catholic Church.