- rituals
- amputation
- cleansing
- herbal medicines
STONE AGE
- magic
- mysticism
- healer
-supernatural beliefs
BRONZE & IRON AGE
"Father of Medicine"
HIPPOCRATES
"Water Casting"
Uroscopy
Devised guidelines for the use of urine as a diagnostic aid.
Isaac Judaeus
Gravimetric analysis of urine
Jean Baptiste van Helmont
Urine contained protein would form precipitate when boiled with acetic acid
Frederik Dekkers
"Father of Microbiology and Microscopy"
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
describe appearance of blood cells and differentiate bacteria based on their shape
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Invented first functional couple microscope
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
First to perform direct blood transfusion from one animal to another
Richard Lower
“Era of Public Health”
19TH CENTURY
discovery and naming of many cells including the Purkinje cell
Johannes Evangelista Purkinje
great cholera outbreak
John Snow
concept of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria
Louis Pasteur
Founder of Modern Bacteriology
Robert Koch
“Era of Sophistication”
20TH CENTURY
Four Humors
Blood
Phlegm
Yellow Bile
Black Bile
"Diarrhea of Urine"
Diabetes
"River of Life"
Blood
Medical practitioners were not allowed to conduct physical examination of the Patient’s Body
11th Century
Mechanical techniques and cadaver dissection were used to provide accurate diagnosis to understand the insides of the body
18th Century
invented SPIROMETER
John Hutchinson
invented SPHYGMOMANOMETER
Jules Herrison
measuring blood pressure
Sphygmomanometer
measuring the vital capacity of the lungs
Spirometer
invented STETHOSCOPE (1816)
Rene Laennec
invented OPTHALMOSCOPE (1850)
Hermann von Helmholz
invented LARYNGOSCOPE (1855)
Manuel Garcia
invented X-RAY (1859)
Wilhelm Roentgen
used to acquire information about the lungs and heartbeats
Stethoscope
the first visual technology
Ophthalmoscope
using two mirrors to observe the throat and larynx
Laryngoscope
allow physicians to view the insides of the body without surgery
X-ray
invented ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH (1903)
William Einthoven
invented KENNY METHOD (1910)
Elizabeth Kenny
invented DRINKER RESPIRATOR (1927)
Philip Drinker
invented HEART-LUNG MACHINE (1939)
John Gibbon
first operated CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION AND ANGIOGRAPHY (1929)
Forsmann
discovered that CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION AND ANGIOGRAPHY was safe for humans
Cournand
made for seeing the heart, lung vessels and valves possible through inserting a cannula in an arm vein and into the heart with an injection of radiopaque dye for X-ray visualization
Cardiac catheterization and Angiography
measure electrical changes during the beating of the heart
Electrocardiograph
pioneering work for modern physical therapy; using hot packs and muscle manipulation
Kenny Method
help patients with Paralytic anterior poliomyelitis recover normal respiration with the assistance of artificial respirator
Drinker respirator
developed CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION AND ANGIOGRAPHY (1941)
Moniz, Reboul, Rousthoi