Flashcards: Plant toxins

Tinyatoxin (TTX or TTN) is a highly irritant analog of resiniferatoxin and capsaicin.

Curare /kʊˈrɑːri/ or /kjʊˈrɑːri/ is a common name for various plant extract alkaloid arrow poisons originating from Central and South America.

Cucurbitin is an amino acid and a carboxypyrrolidine that is found in Cucurbita seeds.

Amygdalin (from Ancient Greek: ἀμυγδαλή amygdálē "almond"), is a poisonous cyanogenic glycoside found in many plants, but most notably in the seeds (kernels) of apricot, bitter almonds, apple, peach, and plum.

Brucine, an alkaloid closely related to strychnine, is most commonly found in the "Strychnos nux-vomica" tree.

Gossypol is a natural phenol derived from the cotton plant (genus Gossypium).

Delphinine is a toxic diterpenoid alkaloid found in plants from the Delphinium (larkspur) and Atragene (a clematis) genera, both in the family Ranunculaceae.

Cytisine, also known as baptitoxine and sophorine, is an alkaloid that occurs naturally in several plant genera, such as Laburnum and Cytisus of the family Fabaceae.

Cicutoxin is a poisonous polyyne and alcohol found in various plants, such as the highly toxic water hemlock (Cicuta species).

Anisatin is an extremely toxic, insecticidally active component of the Shikimi plant.

Resiniferatoxin (RTX) is a naturally occurring chemical found in resin spurge (Euphorbia resinifera), a cactus-like plant commonly found in Morocco, and in Euphorbia poissonii found in northern Nigeria.

Linamarin is a cyanogenic glucoside found in the leaves and roots of plants such as cassava, lima beans, and flax.

Tutin is a poisonous plant derivative found in the New Zealand tutu plant (Coriaria arborea, Coriaria genus, several different species).

Lotaustralin is a cyanogenic glucoside found in small amounts in Fabaceae Austral Trefoil (Lotus australis), cassava (Manihot esculenta), lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus), roseroot (Rhodiola rosea) and white clover (Trifolium repens), among other plants.

Ichthyothereol is a toxic polyyne compound found in the leaves and flowers of several plants in South and Central America.

Thionins (without an e) are a family of small proteins found solely in higher plants.

Helenalin is a sesquiterpene lactone found in Arnica montana and Arnica chamissonis foliosa.

Mimosine or leucenol is an alkaloid, β-3-hydroxy-4 pyridone amino acid.

Solasonine is a poisonous chemical compound.

Persin is a fungicidal toxin present in the avocado.

Ledol is a poisonous sesquiterpene that can cause cramps, paralysis, and delirium.

Brunfelsamidine is a poisonous plant derivative found in several plants from the Brunfelsia family, which has convulsant and neurotoxic effects.

Solamargine is a poisonous chemical compound that occurs in plants of the Solanaceae family, such as potatoes, tomatoes, and eggplants.

Solanidine is a poisonous steroidal alkaloid chemical compound that occurs in plants of the Solanaceae family, such as potato and Solanum americanum.

Strychnine (/ˈstrɪkniːn/; also US /ˈstrɪknaɪn/ or /ˈstrɪknɪn/) is a highly toxic, colorless, bitter crystalline alkaloid used as a pesticide, particularly for killing small vertebrates such as birds and rodents.

Oleandrin is a toxic cardiac glycoside found in oleander (Nerium oleander L.).

Falcarinol (carotatoxin) is a natural pesticide and fatty alcohol found in carrots (Daucus carota), red ginseng (Panax ginseng) and ivy.

Swainsonine is an indolizidine alkaloid.

Antiarins are cardiac glycoside poisons produced by the upas tree (Antiaris toxicaria).

Pseudaconitine, known also as nepaline, (C36H51NO12) is an extremely toxic alkaloid found in high quantities in the roots of Aconitum ferox, also known as Indian Monkshood, which belongs to the family Ranunculaceae.

α-Chaconine is a steroidal glycoalkaloid that occurs in plants of the Solanaceae family.

Oenanthotoxin is a toxin extracted from hemlock water dropwort (Oenanthe crocata) and other plants of the genus Oenanthe.

Abrin is a highly toxic toxalbumin found in the seeds of the rosary pea (or jequirity pea), Abrus precatorius.

Hyoscine hydrobromide, also known as scopolamine hydrobromide, is a medication used in the treatment of motion sickness and postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Protoanemonin (sometimes called anemonol or ranunculol) is a toxin found in all plants of the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae).

Djenkolic acid (or sometimes jengkolic acid) is a sulfur-containing non-protein amino acid naturally found in djenkol beans of the South-East Asian legumes jengkol (Archidendron jiringa).

Divicine (2,6-diamino-4,5-dihydroxypyrimidine) is an oxidant and a base with alkaloidal properties found in fava beans and Lathyrus sativus.

Solasodine is a poisonous alkaloid chemical compound that occurs in plants of the Solanaceae family.

Daphnin is a plant toxin.