Flashcards: Pituitary disorders

Pituitary apoplexy or pituitary tumor apoplexy is bleeding into or impaired blood supply of the pituitary gland at the base of the brain.

Hypoprolactinemia is a medical condition characterized by a deficiency in the serum levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary hormone prolactin.

A pituitary disease is a disorder primarily affecting the pituitary gland.

Hypopituitarism is the decreased (hypo) secretion of one or more of the eight hormones normally produced by the pituitary gland at the base of the brain.

Hyperprolactinaemia or hyperprolactinemia is the presence of abnormally high levels of prolactin in the blood.

The first case of Nelson’s syndrome was reported in 1958 by Nelson et al.

Hyperpituitarism is a condition due to the primary hypersecretion of pituitary hormones, it typically results from a pituitary adenoma.

Neurogenic diabetes insipidus, more commonly known as central diabetes insipidus, is due to a lack of vasopressin production in the brain.

Autoimmune hypophysitis or Lymphocytic hypophysitis is defined as inflammation of the pituitary gland due to autoimmunity.

Sheehan's syndrome, also known as Simmond's syndrome, postpartum hypopituitarism or postpartum pituitary gland necrosis, is hypopituitarism (decreased functioning of the pituitary gland), caused by ischemic necrosis due to blood loss and hypovolemic shock during and after childbirth.

Empty sella syndrome (abbreviated ESS) is where the pituitary gland shrinks or becomes flattened, filling the sella turcica, or "Turkish Saddle", with cerebrospinal fluid on imaging instead of the normal pituitary.

Kallmann syndrome is a rare genetic condition that is characterized by a failure to start or a failure to complete puberty.

Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is a medical condition, caused by problems arising in the pituitary gland, in which the body does not produce enough growth hormone (GH).

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is characterized by excessive release of antidiuretic hormone from the posterior pituitary gland or another source.

Pituitary ACTH hypersecretion (or Cushing disease) is a form of hyperpituitarism characterized by an abnormally high level of ACTH produced by the anterior pituitary.