Flashcards: Phillosophy of mind

Proposed universl law of nature/mechanical universe

knowledge derived directly from God, through vision or discerning the Holy Scripture

True substance of humans is not physical, but eternal Form

Is more like an observer who does not truly understand the physcial sensations of a player on the field

Mental and physical are two different aspects of the same objects

Gaileo: all that exist is matter in motion

Hobbes: All that exist is of material nature

Concepts of mechanism to humans

Mind and brain are identical

Reject idea of innate knowledge

Instinctive, revelation, conclusion is based on the concordance of multiple premises that are generally true

All knowledge is acquired from experience

No longer accept that "Some propositions are knowable by intuition alone"

Interaction across elemental mechanisms yields unexpected results

rejected truths of the church

Knowledge is obtained from perception

Based on perception

Mind is a machine, nothing more

When we understand how the brain works, we will find it is nothing close to our naive perception

Mental states are tied to the brain

Brain as the seat if sensation

Implies the mind is dependent upon body

Mental states and brain activities are identical to states of mind

Act based on laws and mechanisms

Internal force or energy that cannot deuces and understood

Contends that no material things exist, not just that some immaterial things exists

Size of parts related to its prominence in behavioral characteristics

specialization of particular brain areas for particular functions

All brain regions partipsyed in every mental process

Discrete injury will affect all higher functions equally

Receptive aphasia from lesion

Can higher order functions be localized in brain or is localization restricted to elemental functions such as sensory and motor areas

Lesions of regions of the central sulcus lead to somatosensory disturbances

Lesions of superior temporal gurus left individuals irresponsive to hearings

Dead patients with atrophy of superior temporal gyrus

Reported on lesions of occipital cortex

160 clinical cases of blindness

Simple machines

Versalius recruited artists to draw images from his dissections

Published the images using printing press

Inspired by newton, early physiology was mechanistic

Theory are dependent on a force or principle distinct from purely chemical or physical forces

Schism within the Catholic Church from 1521-1648

A philosopher of rationalism who advocated for doubting all sources of truth in order to develop a more rational understanding of reality

Substance dualism

Control thoughts, reason, reproduction, perception, locomotion

Mechanism to the human body

Stimulus-response psychology

From experience, sensation

Original knowledge, not obtained(self,God, perfection, infinity)

Sense must be able to communicate with soul

If body is material and senses is alive, but the soul is immaterial then the soul can be aware of what happened to body but cannot feel or sense.

Influenced by Descartes writings

Said the substance has two attributed

God is identical with nature

the reduction of complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study

the whole is greater than the sum of its parts

Possession of the soul by demons

Illness of the mind

Observed Physcial behaviors

Observed relationships between classmates headshapes and mental characteristics

Expressive aphasia from lesion of left hemisphere

Bar through frontal area, bilateral damage to prefrontal cortex

You haven't studied these terms yet!

Goltz

Long term survival

determines the severity of effects on functions

First human cytoarchitectonic map

Cytoarchitectonic filed represent function fields

Considered a single organ

Some localization of elementary sensory and motor functions

Involve whole brain, which functions as dynamic organizing entity

Loss of function in portion of brain connected but distant from a lesion

Studied 300 persons who sustained local brain injuries during world war 1

Provided Broadmann's areas with functions

Sensory and motor correct

Brain mythology, modern manifestation of phrenology thinking

Novel prize in physiology or medicine 1932 was awarded

Awarded jointly to Sir Hallett Dalle and Otto Loewi

Lesions in cortext

Size of lesions, not location was related to function inmpairment

Brain mass, not neural architecture is important for brain function

Capacity of any intact part of functional area to carry out the function by destruction of the whole

This capacity

Flourens and Goltz

Complex behavior, dependent upon many elemental behaviors

Small lesions, possible to employ other strategies to solve maze-impairment

Other brains areas take control of lost function

Brain surgeon

To find out problem areas

Forgotten principle- Flechsig's rule

Proposed disorders of higher function may often be produced by damage to the pathways that connect primary sensory and Motor areas

Measure the uptake of oxygen or glucose during task performance

Measure blood oxygenation during task performance