d
Which receptor promotes bronchodilation & vasodilation?
a) alpha-1
b) alpha-2
c) beta-1
d) beta-2
a
Which receptor promotes vasoconstriction?
a) alpha-1
b) alpha-2
c) beta-1
d) beta-2
c
Which receptor increases HR, conduction, and contractility?
a) alpha-1
b) alpha-2
c) beta-1
d) beta-2
b
Which receptor decreases HR, conduction, and contractility?
a) M1
b) M2
c) M3
c
Which receptor causes bronchoconstriction?
a) M1
b) M2
c) M3
c
Which receptor acts on goblet cells & causes secretion?
a) M1
b) M2
c) M3
albuterol, levalbuterol
What are the Short-Acting Beta Agonist (SABAs)? (2)
salmeterol, formoterol, vilanterol
What are the Long-Acting Beta-Agonists (LABAs)? (3)
activates Gs-adenyl cyclase-cAMP pathway causing smooth muscle relaxation & bronchodilation
B2 agonist MOA?
bronchoconstriction; mucus secretion
Activation of Parasympathetic Nervous system leads to ________ & ________.
competitive antagonist of muscarinic receptors; prevent ACh induced bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion
Anti-Cholinergics MOA?
ipatropium
What is our Short-Acting Muscarinic Antagonist (SAMA)?
tiotropium, umeclidinium
What are our Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonist (LAMAs)? (2)
inhibits PDE preventing cAMP degradation causing bronchodilation; antagonist of adenosine receptors: prevents bronchoconstriction; histone deacetylation: prevents transcription of inflammatory genes; releases IL-10 causing apoptosis of eosinophils/neutrophils
Methylxanthine MOA? (4)
theophylline, aminophylline, caffeine
What are the Methylxanthines? (3)
d
Which has a DOA > 24h?
a) levalbuterol
b) albuterol
c) salmeterol
d) Vilanterol
e) formoterol
a
Which are for acute bronchospasms?
a) SABAs
b) LABAs
b
Which are more B2-selective?
a) SABAs
b) LABAs
b
Which have to be used in combination with ICS?
a) SABAs
b) LABAs
b
Which are more used in COPD?
a) SABAs
b) Anti-cholinergics
c) LABAs
d) Methylxanthine
e) LAMAs
b
Which can cause urinary retention & glaucoma?
a) SABAs
b) Anti-cholinergics
c) LABAs
d) Methylxanthine
e) LAMAs
d
Which are ONLY used as add-ons?
a) SABAs
b) Anti-cholinergics
c) LABAs
d) Methylxanthine
e) LAMAs
d
Which have many DDIs?
a) SABAs
b) Anti-cholinergics
c) LABAs
d) Methylxanthine
e) LAMAs
CYP1A2
Methylxanthine is a major ________ substrate.
d
Which can worsen arrhythmias, peptic ulcer disease, & seizure disorders?
a) SABAs
b) Anti-cholinergics
c) LABAs
d) Methylxanthine
e) LAMAs
M3
Anti-cholinergics have a high-affinity for _______ receptors.
reflex cholinergic respone
-when inflammatory mediators activate sensory nerves (vagal afferent)
-causing bronchonconstriction and mucus secretion