What plane of motion does mandibular depression/elevation occur in?
Sagittal plane
What plane of motion does mandibular protrusion, retraction and lateral deviation occur in?
horizontal plane
Spinal stenosis
narrowing of the vertebral canal
ankylosing spondylitis
chronic inflammation of vertebral column and sacroilliac joints caused by progressive rheumatic disease and leads to fusion of vertebral column and loss of spinal mobility
spondylolysis
vertebral defect in the part of the lamina between the superior and inferior articular processes
spondylolisthesis
slippage of one vertebra anteriorly on the vertebra below
spondylosis
degenerative disorder of the spine causing bony spurs and thickening of the ligaments and decrease in disc height.
torticollis
deformity of the neck causing head to be laterally flexed to side and rotated to opposite side
text neck syndrome
chronic forward neck posture leading to adaptive lengthening of extensors and shortening of flexors
pleurisy
inflammation of the pleura
pneumothorax
collapsed lung caused by air or fluid entering the pleural cavity
flail chest
loss of ability to expand lungs during inhalation as result of the fracture of ribs
emphysema
distention and destruction of alveolar walls and loss of lung tissue elasticity
diaphragmatic breathing
minimal movement of the thoracic cage and increased movement of the abdomen in inhalation
what occurs with inspiration (inhalation)
-diaphragm contracts and descents towards to abdomen
-increased intrathoracic volume and decrease in intrathoracic pressure
-air flows in
What occurs with expiration (exhalation)
-diaphragm relaxes and rises in rib cage
-decreased intrathoracic volume and increase in intrathoracic pressure
Pump handle during inhalation
refers to the sternum moving anteriorly and posteriorly
bucket handle during inhalation
referred to the false ribs moving medially to laterally
internal intercostals
depresses ribs in exhalation
external intercostals
elevates ribs in inhalation
internal oblique
(bilateral) trunk flexion and compression of the abdomen
(uni) lateral trunk flexion to same side and same side rotation
external oblique
(bi)trunk flexion and compression of abdomen
(uni) lateral trunk flexion and rotation to opposite side
transverse abdomnis
compression of the abdomen
quadratus lumborum
lateral trunk flexion