Flashcards: Nicotinic antagonists

Dextrorphan (DXO) is a psychoactive drug of the morphinan chemical class which acts as an antitussive or cough suppressant and dissociative hallucinogen.

Nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas, nitrous, nitro, or NOS  is a chemical compound with the formula N2O.

Curare /kʊˈrɑːri/ or /kjʊˈrɑːri/ is a common name for various plant extract alkaloid arrow poisons originating from Central and South America.

Racemorphan, or morphanol, is the racemic mixture of the two stereoisomers of 17-methylmorphinan-3-ol, each with differing pharmacology and effects: * Dextrorphan - an antitussive and dissociative hallucinogen (NMDA receptor antagonist) * Levorphanol - an opioid analgesic

Phencyclidine (PCP), also known as angel dust and Sernyl among others, is a dissociative drug.

Dextromethorphan (DXM or DM) is a drug of the morphinan class with sedative, dissociative, and stimulant properties (at higher doses).

Ibogaine is a naturally occurring psychoactive substance found in plants in the Apocynaceae family such as Tabernanthe iboga, Voacanga africana and Tabernaemontana undulata.

Pentobarbital (US English) or pentobarbitone (UK English) is a short-acting barbiturate.

Isoflurane is a halogenated ether used for inhalational anesthesia.

Enflurane (2-chloro-1,1,2,-trifluoroethyl-difluoromethyl ether) is a halogenated ether.

Bupropion is a medication primarily used as an antidepressant and smoking cessation aid.

Pancuronium (trademarked as Pavulon) is a muscle relaxant with various medical uses.

BNC210 (also known as IW-4123 during its time licensed to Ironwood Pharmaceuticals) is an anxiolytic drug that acts via negative allosteric modulation of the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, by Bionomics Limited.

Pempidine is a ganglion-blocking drug, first reported in 1958 by two research groups working independently, and introduced as an oral treatment for hypertension.

Radafaxine is drug candidate designated GW-353,162 by GlaxoSmithKline, investigated for treatment of restless leg syndrome and as an NDRI antidepressant.

Hydroxybupropion (code name BW 306U), or 6-hydroxybupropion, is the major active metabolite of the antidepressant and smoking cessation drug bupropion.

Pentolinium is a ganglionic blocking agent which acts as a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist.

Coclaurine is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist which has been isolated from a variety of plant sources including Nelumbo nucifera, Sarcopetalum harveyanum, Ocotea duckei, and others.

Levomethadone (INN; L-Polamidon, L-Polamivet, Levadone, Levothyl), or levamethadone, is a synthetic opioid analgesic and antitussive which is marketed in Europe and is used for pain management and in opioid maintenance therapy.

(–)-18-Methoxycoronaridine (18-MC) is a derivative of ibogaine invented in 1996 by the research team around the pharmacologist Stanley D.

5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) is the main metabolite of serotonin.

(–)-18-Methylaminocoronaridine (18-MAC) is a second generation synthetic derivative of ibogaine developed by the research team led by the pharmacologist Stanley D.

(–)-2-Methoxyethyl-18-methoxycoronaridinate (ME-18-MC) is a second generation synthetic derivative of ibogaine developed by the research team led by the pharmacologist Stanley D.

Thiocolchicoside (Muscoril, Myoril, Neoflax) is a muscle relaxant with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.

Laudanosine or N-methyltetrahydropapaverine is a recognized metabolite of atracurium and cisatracurium.

Sodium thiopental, also known as Sodium Pentothal (a trademark of Abbott Laboratories, not to be confused with pentobarbital), thiopental, thiopentone, or Trapanal (also a trademark), is a rapid-onset short-acting barbiturate general anesthetic that is an analogue of thiobarbital.

Desflurane (1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether) is a highly fluorinated methyl ethyl ether used for maintenance of general anesthesia.

Sevoflurane (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(fluoromethoxy)propane; synonym, fluoromethyl hexafluoroisopropyl ether), is a sweet-smelling, nonflammable, highly fluorinated methyl isopropyl ether used as an inhalational anaesthetic for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia.

Promegestone (INN) (brand name Surgestone), also known as 17α,21-dimethyl-Δ9-19-norprogesterone or 17α,21-dimethyl-19-norpregna-4,9-diene-3,20-dione, is a steroidal progestin of the 19-norprogesterone group which was introduced in 1983 and is marketed in France, Portugal, and Argentina.

Hydroxynorketamine (HNK), or 6-hydroxynorketamine, is a metabolite of ketamine which is formed by hydroxylation of its metabolite norketamine.

Dehydronorketamine (DHNK), or 5,6-dehydronorketamine, is a minor metabolite of ketamine which is formed by dehydrogenation of its metabolite norketamine.

Norketamine, or N-desmethylketamine, is the major active metabolite of ketamine, which is formed mainly by CYP3A4.

Ketamine, sold under the brand name Ketalar among others, is a medication mainly used for starting and maintaining anesthesia.

Vanoxerine (GBR-12909) is a piperazine derivative which is a potent and selective dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI).

Arketamine, also (R)-ketamine or (R)-(−)-ketamine, is the (R)-(−) enantiomer of ketamine.

Halothane (trademarked as Fluothane) is a general anesthetic that is inhaled.

Mecamylamine (INN, BAN; or mecamylamine hydrochloride (USAN); brand names Inversine, Vecamyl) is a non-selective, non-competitive antagonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) that was introduced in the 1950s as an antihypertensive drug.

Fluoxetine, also known by trade names Prozac and Sarafem among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class.

Trimetaphan camsilate (INN) or trimethaphan camsylate (USAN), trade name Arfonad, is a drug that counteracts cholinergic transmission at the ganglion type of nicotinic receptors of the autonomic ganglia and therefore blocks both the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.

Bupropion/naltrexone is a combination drug treatment for obesity.

Bupropion/zonisamide (planned trade name Empatic) is an experimental drug combination for the treatment of obesity.

Coronaridine, also known as 18-carbomethoxyibogamine, is an alkaloid found in Tabernanthe iboga and related species,including Tabernaemontana divaricata for which (under the now obsolete synonym Ervatamia coronaria) it was named.