Flashcards: Natural opium alkaloids

Dihydrocodeine is a semi-synthetic opioid analgesic prescribed for pain or severe dyspnea, or as an antitussive, either alone or compounded with paracetamol (as in co-dydramol) or aspirin.

Hydromorphone, also known as dihydromorphinone, and sold under the brand names Dilaudid among others, is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.

Metopon (5-methyldihydromorphone) is an opioid analogue that is a methylated derivative of hydromorphone which was invented in 1929 as an analgesic.

Norcodeine is an opiate analogue that is the N-demethylated derivative of codeine.

Normorphine is an opiate analogue, the N-demethylated derivative of morphine, that was first described in the 1950s when a large group of N-substituted morphine analogues were characterized for activity.

Acetorphine is a potent opioid analgesic, up to 8700 times stronger than morphine by weight.

Oxycodone, known originally in Germany (where it was developed) as dihydroxycodeinone or eukodal, is a semisynthetic opioid synthesized from thebaine, an opioid alkaloid found in the Persian poppy, and one of the many alkaloids found in the opium poppy.

Benzylmorphine (Peronine) is a semi-synthetic opioid narcotic introduced to the international market in 1896 and that of the United States very shortly thereafter.

Thebaine (paramorphine), also known as codeine methyl enol ether, is an opiate alkaloid, its name coming from the Greek Θῆβαι, Thēbai (Thebes), an ancient city in Upper Egypt.

Papaverine /pəˈpævəriːn/ (Latin papaver, "poppy") is an opium alkaloid antispasmodic drug, used primarily in the treatment of visceral spasm, vasospasm (especially those involving the heart and the brain), and occasionally in the treatment of erectile dysfunction.

Hydrocodone, also known as dihydrocodeinone, is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from codeine, one of the opioid alkaloids found in the opium poppy.

Noscapine (also known as Narcotine, Nectodon, Nospen, Anarcotine and (archaic) Opiane) is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid from plants of the poppy family, without painkilling properties.

Dihydromorphine (Paramorfan, Paramorphan) is a semi-synthetic opioid structurally related to and derived from morphine.

Diacetyldihydromorphine (also known as Paralaudin, dihydroheroin or acetylmorphinol) is a potent opiate derivative developed in Germany in 1929 which is rarely used in some countries for the treatment of severe pain such as that caused by terminal cancer, as another form of diamorphine (also commonly known as Heroin).

Pethidine, also known as meperidine and Demerol, is a synthetic opioid pain medication of the phenylpiperidine class.

Ethylmorphine (also known as codethyline, dionine, and ethyl morphine) is an opioid analgesic and antitussive.

Morphine is a pain medication of the opiate type which is found naturally in a number of plants and animals.

6-Monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM) or 6-acetylmorphine (6-AM) is one of three active metabolites of heroin (diacetylmorphine), the others being morphine and the much less active 3-monoacetylmorphine (3-MAM).

IBNtxA, or 3-iodobenzoyl naltrexamine, is an atypical opioid analgesic drug derived from naltrexone.

Oripavine is an opiate and the major metabolite of thebaine.

Desomorphine (dihydrodesoxymorphine, former brand name Permonid, street name krokodil) is a derivative of morphine with powerful, fast-acting opioid effects, such as sedation and analgesia.

Oxymorphone (brand names Opana, Numorphan, Numorphone), also known as 14-hydroxydihydromorphinone, is a powerful semi-synthetic opioid analgesic (painkiller) first developed in Germany in 1914, patented in the USA by Endo Pharmaceuticals in 1955 and introduced to the United States market in January 1959 and other countries around the same time.

Morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) is a major active metabolite of morphine, and as such is the molecule responsible for much of the pain-relieving effects of morphine and heroin - M6G is formed from morphine by the enzyme UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase-2B7 (UGT2B7).

Morphine-3-glucuronide is a metabolite of morphine produced by UGT2B7.

Nicocodeine (Lyopect, Tusscodin) is an opioid analgesic and cough suppressant, an ester of codeine closely related to dihydrocodeine and the codeine analogue of nicomorphine.

Narceine is an opium alkaloid produced by the Papaver somniferum (opium poppy) plant.

Scoulerine, also known as discretamine and aequaline, is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that derives from reticuline and is a precursor of berberine.

Codeine is an opiate used to treat pain, as a cough medicine, and for diarrhea.

Laudanosine or N-methyltetrahydropapaverine is a recognized metabolite of atracurium and cisatracurium.

Protopine is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid occurring in opium poppy, Corydalis tubers and other plants of the family papaveraceae, like Fumaria officinalis.

Heroin is an opioid drug typically used as a recreational drug for its euphoric effects.

Reticuline is a chemical compound found in a variety of plants including Lindera aggregata, Annona squamosa, and Ocotea fasciculata (also known as Ocotea duckei).