Flashcards: Muscular system

A sarcomere (Greek sarx "flesh", meros "part") is the basic unit of striated muscle tissue.

A T-tubule (or transverse tubule) is a deep invagination of the sarcolemma, which is the plasma membrane of skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle cells.

Cardiac muscle cells or cardiomyocytes (also known as myocardiocytes or cardiac myocytes) are the muscle cells (myocytes) that make up the cardiac muscle.

Muscle is a soft tissue found in most animals.

Smooth muscle is an involuntary non-striated muscle.

A sphincter is a circular muscle that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning.

The muscular system is an organ system consisting of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles.

Muscle tissue is a soft tissue that composes muscles in animal bodies, and gives rise to muscles' ability to contract.

Cardiac muscle (heart muscle) is an involuntary, striated muscle that is found in the walls and histological foundation of the heart, specifically the myocardium.

Muscle contraction is the activation of tension-generating sites within muscle fibers.

Hypertrophy (IPA /haɪˈpɝːtrəfi/, from Greek ὑπέρ "excess" + τροφή "nourishment") is the increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells.

In biology, galvanism is the contraction of a muscle that is stimulated by an electric current.

The iris sphincter muscle (pupillary sphincter, pupillary constrictor, circular muscle of iris, circular fibers) is a muscle in the part of the eye called the iris.

The iris dilator muscle (pupil dilator muscle, pupillary dilator, radial muscle of iris, radiating fibers), is a smooth muscle of the eye, running radially in the iris and therefore fit as a dilator.

The axillary space is an anatomic space, bounded by teres major muscle, teres minor muscle and humerus.

Lateral to the inguinal aponeurotic falx (i.e. the conjoint tendon) is a ligamentous band connected with the lower margin of the transversalis fascia and extending down in front of the inferior epigastric artery to the superior ramus of the pubis; it is termed the interfoveolar ligament of Hesselbach and sometimes contains a few muscular fibers.

A pennate or pinnate muscle (also called a penniform muscle) is a muscle with fascicles that attach obliquely (in a slanting position) to its tendon.

Extrafusal muscle fibers are the skeletal standard muscle fibers that are innervated by alpha motor neurons and generate tension by contracting, thereby allowing for skeletal movement.

Intrafusal muscle fibers are skeletal muscle fibers that serve as specialized sensory organs (proprioceptors) that detect the amount and rate of change in length of a muscle.

The hypothenar muscles are a group of three muscles of the palm that control the motion of the little finger.

An extensor expansion (dorsal expansion, dorsal hood, dorsal aponeurosis) is the special connective attachments by which the extensor tendons insert into the phalanges.

Perimysium is a sheath of connective tissue that groups muscle fibers into bundles (anywhere between 10 and 100 or more) or fascicles.

The conjoint tendon (previously known as the inguinal aponeurotic falx) is a structure formed from the lower part of the common aponeurosis of the internal abdominal oblique and the transverse abdominal as it inserts into the crest of the pubis and pectineal line immediately behind the superficial inguinal ring.

Myotoxins are small, basic peptides found in snake venoms, (e.g. rattlesnakes), and lizard venoms (e.g. mexican beaded lizard).

Striated muscle tissue is muscle tissue that features repeating functional units called sarcomeres, in contrast with smooth muscle tissue which does not.

The endomysium, meaning within the muscle, is a wispy layer of areolar connective tissue that ensheaths each individual myocyte (muscle fiber, or muscle cell).

Epimysium (plural epimysia) (Greek epi- for on, upon, or above + Greek mys for muscle) The epimysium is the fibrous tissue envelope that surrounds skeletal muscle.

In anatomy, a muscle fascicle is a bundle of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by perimysium, a type of connective tissue.

A nuclear bag fiber is a type of intrafusal muscle fiber that lies in the center of a muscle spindle.

A nuclear chain fiber is a specialized sensory organ contained within a muscle.

In facial anatomy, the modiolus is a chiasma of facial muscles held together by fibrous tissue, located lateral and slightly superior to each angle of the mouth.

Spastic cerebral palsy, sometimes also termed bilateral spasticity, is the type of cerebral palsy wherein spasticity (also known in some versions of colloquial English as "muscle tightness") is either the dominant or exclusive impairment present.